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3D Bioprinting for Organ Regeneration

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TLDR
An overview of recent advances in 3D biop printing technology, as well as design concepts of bioinks suitable for the bioprinting process, focusing more specifically on vasculature, neural networks, the heart and liver are provided.
Abstract
Regenerative medicine holds the promise of engineering functional tissues or organs to heal or replace abnormal and necrotic tissues/organs, offering hope for filling the gap between organ shortage and transplantation needs. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is evolving into an unparalleled biomanufacturing technology due to its high-integration potential for patient-specific designs, precise and rapid manufacturing capabilities with high resolution, and unprecedented versatility. It enables precise control over multiple compositions, spatial distributions, and architectural accuracy/complexity, therefore achieving effective recapitulation of microstructure, architecture, mechanical properties, and biological functions of target tissues and organs. Here we provide an overview of recent advances in 3D bioprinting technology, as well as design concepts of bioinks suitable for the bioprinting process. We focus on the applications of this technology for engineering living organs, focusing more specifically on vasculature, neural networks, the heart and liver. We conclude with current challenges and the technical perspective for further development of 3D organ bioprinting.

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Organ Printing: Tissue Spheroids as Building Blocks

TL;DR: Organ printing can be defined as layer-by-layer additive robotic biofabrication of three-dimensional functional living macrotissues and organ constructs using tissue spheroids as building blocks.
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Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare.

TL;DR: Recent advances in the nanomaterial-enabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and environmental sensors are presented in this review.
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3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for regenerative medicine.

TL;DR: The current status and contemporary issues of 3D bioprinting pertaining to the eleven organ systems of the human body including skeletal, muscular, nervous, lymphatic, endocrine, reproductive, integumentary, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and circulatory systems were critically reviewed.
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3D Printing in Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications – Recent Achievements and Challenges

TL;DR: This review summarizes the newest achievements and challenges of additive manufacturing in the field of pharmaceutical and biomedical research that have been published since 2015.
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Recent Advances in Biomaterials for 3D Printing and Tissue Engineering

TL;DR: Three-dimensional printing has significant potential as a fabrication method in creating scaffolds for tissue engineering, including the ability to create complex geometries, porosities, co-culture of multiple cells, and incorporate growth factors.
References
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Engineering Human TMJ Discs with Protein-Releasing 3D-Printed Scaffolds

TL;DR: 3-dimensional (3D)–printed anatomically correct scaffolds with region-variant microstrand alignment, mimicking anisotropic collagen alignment in the TMJ disc and corresponding mechanical properties may represent an efficient approach to engineering theTMJ disc graft with anisotrop scaffold microstructure, heterogeneous fibrocartilaginous matrix, and region-dependent viscoelastic properties.
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TL;DR: Data shows the injectable electroactive material can effectively accelerate the proliferation of encapsulated cells with electrical stimuli, and the mechanism is also elaborated, suggesting that the hydrogels have excellent cytocompatibility.
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Electrohydrodynamic jetting of mouse neuronal cells.

TL;DR: Results indicate that the process of jetting does not significantly perturb neuronal cells and that this novel approach might in the future be a useful way to deposit small numbers of living nerve cells on to surfaces.
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Engineering a biomimetic three-dimensional nanostructured bone model for breast cancer bone metastasis study.

TL;DR: The ability of the 3-D bone model to create a biomimetic environment conducive to recapitulating the behavior of metastatic BrCa cells is illustrated, making it a promising tool for in vitro BrCa cell bone metastasis study and for the discovery of potential therapeutics.
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In vitro studies on regulation of osteogenic activities by electrical stimulus on biodegradable electroactive polyelectrolyte multilayers.

TL;DR: Data indicate that the comprehensive effects through coupling electroactive scaffolds with electrical stimulus are better to develop bioelectric strategies to control cell functions for bone regeneration.
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