A comprehensive analysis and annotation of human normal urinary proteome.

TLDR: In this paper, an in-depth analysis of the urinary proteome is presented based on different separation strategies, including direct one dimensional liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), two dimensional LC/ MS/MS, and gel-eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis/liquid-phase isoelectric focusing followed by two dimensional Liquid Chromatography-MS-MS.

Abstract: Biomarkers are measurable changes associated with the disease Urine can reflect the changes of the body while blood is under control of the homeostatic mechanisms; thus, urine is considered an important source for early and sensitive disease biomarker discovery A comprehensive profile of the urinary proteome will provide a basic understanding of urinary proteins In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of the urinary proteome based on different separation strategies, including direct one dimensional liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), two dimensional LC/MS/MS, and gel-eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis/liquid-phase isoelectric focusing followed by two dimensional LC/MS/MS A total of 6085 proteins were identified in healthy urine, of which 2001 were not reported in previous studies and the concentrations of 2571 proteins were estimated (spanning a magnitude of 106) with an intensity-based absolute quantification algorithm The urinary proteins were annotated by their tissue distribution Detailed information can be accessed at the “Human Urine Proteome Database” (wwwurimarkercom/urine)