Journal ArticleDOI
A key role for mitochondrial gatekeeper pyruvate dehydrogenase in oncogene-induced senescence
Joanna Kaplon,Liang Zheng,Katrin Meissl,Barbara Chaneton,Vitaly A. Selivanov,Gillian M. Mackay,Sjoerd H. van der Burg,Elizabeth M. E. Verdegaal,Marta Cascante,Tomer Shlomi,Tomer Shlomi,Eyal Gottlieb,Daniel S. Peeper +12 more
TLDR
It is shown that the mitochondrial gatekeeper pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is a crucial mediator of senescence induced by BRAFV600E, an oncogene commonly mutated in melanoma and other cancers, and a mechanistic relationship between OIS and a key metabolic signalling axis is revealed, which may be exploited therapeutically.Abstract:
In response to tenacious stress signals, such as the unscheduled activation of oncogenes, cells can mobilize tumour suppressor networks to avert the hazard of malignant transformation. A large body of evidence indicates that oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) acts as such a break, withdrawing cells from the proliferative pool almost irreversibly, thus crafting a vital pathophysiological mechanism that protects against cancer. Despite the widespread contribution of OIS to the cessation of tumorigenic expansion in animal models and humans, we have only just begun to define the underlying mechanism and identify key players. Although deregulation of metabolism is intimately linked to the proliferative capacity of cells, and senescent cells are thought to remain metabolically active, little has been investigated in detail about the role of cellular metabolism in OIS. Here we show, by metabolic profiling and functional perturbations, that the mitochondrial gatekeeper pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is a crucial mediator of senescence induced by BRAF(V600E), an oncogene commonly mutated in melanoma and other cancers. BRAF(V600E)-induced senescence was accompanied by simultaneous suppression of the PDH-inhibitory enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) and induction of the PDH-activating enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 2 (PDP2). The resulting combined activation of PDH enhanced the use of pyruvate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, causing increased respiration and redox stress. Abrogation of OIS, a rate-limiting step towards oncogenic transformation, coincided with reversion of these processes. Further supporting a crucial role of PDH in OIS, enforced normalization of either PDK1 or PDP2 expression levels inhibited PDH and abrogated OIS, thereby licensing BRAF(V600E)-driven melanoma development. Finally, depletion of PDK1 eradicated melanoma subpopulations resistant to targeted BRAF inhibition, and caused regression of established melanomas. These results reveal a mechanistic relationship between OIS and a key metabolic signalling axis, which may be exploited therapeutically.read more
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The Emerging Hallmarks of Cancer Metabolism
TL;DR: This Perspective has organized known cancer-associated metabolic changes into six hallmarks: deregulated uptake of glucose and amino acids, use of opportunistic modes of nutrient acquisition, useof glycolysis/TCA cycle intermediates for biosynthesis and NADPH production, increased demand for nitrogen, alterations in metabolite-driven gene regulation, and metabolic interactions with the microenvironment.
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The Warburg Effect: How Does it Benefit Cancer Cells?
TL;DR: Several proposed explanations for the function of Warburg Effect are analyzed, emphasize their rationale, and discuss their controversies.
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The role of senescent cells in ageing
TL;DR: A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the multi-step progression of senescence and the development and function of acute versus chronic senescent cells may lead to new therapeutic strategies for age-related pathologies and extend healthy lifespan.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellular Senescence: Defining a Path Forward
Vassilis G. Gorgoulis,Peter D. Adams,Andrea Alimonti,Dorothy C. Bennett,Oliver Bischof,Cleo L. Bishop,Judith Campisi,Manuel Collado,Konstantinos Evangelou,Gerardo Ferbeyre,Jesús Gil,Eiji Hara,Valery Krizhanovsky,Diana Jurk,Andrea B. Maier,Masashi Narita,Laura J. Niedernhofer,João F. Passos,Paul D. Robbins,Clemens A. Schmitt,John M. Sedivy,Konstantinos Vougas,Thomas von Zglinicki,Daohong Zhou,Manuel Serrano,Marco Demaria +25 more
TL;DR: A consensus from the International Cell Senescence Association (ICSA) is presented, defining and discussing key cellular and molecular features of senescence and offering recommendations on how to use them as biomarkers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hallmarks of Cellular Senescence.
TL;DR: The molecular regulators of senescence phenotypes and how they are used for identifying senescent cells in vitro and in vivo are described and the importance that these levels of regulations have in the development of therapeutic targets is highlighted.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: BRAF somatic missense mutations in 66% of malignant melanomas and at lower frequency in a wide range of human cancers, with a single substitution (V599E) accounting for 80%.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oncogenic ras Provokes Premature Cell Senescence Associated with Accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a
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Journal ArticleDOI
BRAFE600-associated senescence-like cell cycle arrest of human naevi
Chrysiis Michaloglou,Liesbeth C.W. Vredeveld,Maria S. Soengas,Christophe Denoyelle,Thomas Kuilman,Chantal M.A.M. van der Horst,Donne Majoor,Jerry W. Shay,Wolter J. Mooi,Daniel S. Peeper +9 more
TL;DR: It is shown that sustained BRAFV600E expression in human melanocytes induces cell cycle arrest, which is accompanied by the induction of both p16INK4a and senescence-associated acidic β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, a commonly usedsenescence marker.
Journal ArticleDOI
The essence of senescence
TL;DR: The various features of cellular senescence are reviewed and their contribution to tumor suppression is discussed and the power and limitations of the biomarkers currently used to identify senescent cells in vitro and in vivo are highlighted.