Journal ArticleDOI
A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface
Paul A. Merolla,John V. Arthur,Rodrigo Alvarez-Icaza,Andrew S. Cassidy,Jun Sawada,Filipp Akopyan,Bryan L. Jackson,Nabil Imam,Chen Guo,Yutaka Nakamura,Bernard Brezzo,Ivan Vo,Steven K. Esser,Rathinakumar Appuswamy,Brian Taba,Arnon Amir,Myron D. Flickner,William P. Risk,Rajit Manohar,Dharmendra S. Modha +19 more
TLDR
Inspired by the brain’s structure, an efficient, scalable, and flexible non–von Neumann architecture is developed that leverages contemporary silicon technology and is well suited to many applications that use complex neural networks in real time, for example, multiobject detection and classification.Abstract:
Inspired by the brain’s structure, we have developed an efficient, scalable, and flexible non–von Neumann architecture that leverages contemporary silicon technology. To demonstrate, we built a 5.4-billion-transistor chip with 4096 neurosynaptic cores interconnected via an intrachip network that integrates 1 million programmable spiking neurons and 256 million configurable synapses. Chips can be tiled in two dimensions via an interchip communication interface, seamlessly scaling the architecture to a cortexlike sheet of arbitrary size. The architecture is well suited to many applications that use complex neural networks in real time, for example, multiobject detection and classification. With 400-pixel-by-240-pixel video input at 30 frames per second, the chip consumes 63 milliwatts.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Design of Resistive Synaptic Array for Implementing On-Chip Sparse Learning
TL;DR: This study shows that the recognition accuracy of MNIST handwriting digits degrades from ∼96 to ∼30 percent, but with improved properties by device-algorithm co-design methodologies, the accuracy increases back to ∼95 percent, enabling reliable integration of realistic synaptic devices in neuromorphic systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Design and performance of an ultra-high vacuum spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope operating at 30 mK and in a vector magnetic field.
Henning von Allwörden,Andreas Eich,Elze J. Knol,Jan Hermenau,A. Sonntag,Jan W. Gerritsen,Daniel Wegner,Alexander A. Khajetoorians +7 more
Abstract: We describe the design and performance of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) that operates at a base temperature of 30 mK in a vector magnetic field The cryogenics is based on an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) top-loading wet dilution refrigerator that contains a vector magnet allowing for fields up to 9 T perpendicular and 4 T parallel to the sample The STM is placed in a multi-chamber UHV system, which allows in situ preparation and exchange of samples and tips The entire system rests on a 150-ton concrete block suspended by pneumatic isolators, which is housed in an acoustically isolated and electromagnetically shielded laboratory optimized for extremely low noise scanning probe measurements We demonstrate the overall performance by illustrating atomic resolution and quasiparticle interference imaging and detail the vibrational noise of both the laboratory and microscope We also determine the electron temperature via measurement of the superconducting gap of Re(0001) and illustrate magnetic field-dependent measurements of the spin excitations of individual Fe atoms on Pt(111) Finally, we demonstrate spin resolution by imaging the magnetic structure of the Fe double layer on W(110)
Journal ArticleDOI
Temporal Information Processing With an Integrated Laser Neuron
Hsuan-Tung Peng,Gerasimos Angelatos,Thomas Ferreira de Lima,Mitchell A. Nahmias,Alexander N. Tait,Siamak Abbaslou,Bhavin J. Shastri,Paul R. Prucnal +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a spiking laser neuron is shown to perform coincidence detection with nanosecond time resolution, and observe refractory periods in the order of 0.1 ns.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-Boolean Computing Benchmarking for Beyond-CMOS Devices Based on Cellular Neural Network
Chenyun Pan,Azad Naeemi +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that spintronic devices are promising candidates to implement CNNs, where up to up to $3\times $ energy-delay product improvement is predicted in domain wall devices compared to its conventional CMOS counterpart.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heterogeneous Ensemble-Based Spike-Driven Few-Shot Online Learning
TL;DR: The proposed HESFOL model uses the entropy theory to establish the gradient-based few-shot learning scheme in a recurrent SNN architecture and emphasizes the application of modern entropy-based machine learning methods in state-of-the-art spike-driven learning algorithms.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex
David H. Hubel,Torsten N. Wiesel +1 more
TL;DR: This method is used to examine receptive fields of a more complex type and to make additional observations on binocular interaction and this approach is necessary in order to understand the behaviour of individual cells, but it fails to deal with the problem of the relationship of one cell to its neighbours.
Journal ArticleDOI
Can programming be liberated from the von Neumann style?: a functional style and its algebra of programs
TL;DR: A new class of computing systems uses the functional programming style both in its programming language and in its state transition rules; these systems have semantics loosely coupled to states—only one state transition occurs per major computation.
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Object vision and spatial vision: two cortical pathways
TL;DR: Evidence is reviewed indicating that striate cortex in the monkey is the source of two multisynaptic corticocortical pathways, one of which enables the visual identification of objects and the other allows instead the visual location of objects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modality and topographic properties of single neurons of cat's somatic sensory cortex.
TL;DR: Observations upon the modality and topographical attributes of single neurons of the first somatic sensory area of the cat’s cerebral cortex, the analogue of the cortex of the postcentral gyrus in the primate brain, support an hypothesis of the functional organization of this cortical area.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuronal circuits of the neocortex
TL;DR: It is found that, as has long been suspected by cortical neuroanatomists, the same basic laminar and tangential organization of the excitatory neurons of the neocortex is evident wherever it has been sought.
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