Journal ArticleDOI
A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface
Paul A. Merolla,John V. Arthur,Rodrigo Alvarez-Icaza,Andrew S. Cassidy,Jun Sawada,Filipp Akopyan,Bryan L. Jackson,Nabil Imam,Chen Guo,Yutaka Nakamura,Bernard Brezzo,Ivan Vo,Steven K. Esser,Rathinakumar Appuswamy,Brian Taba,Arnon Amir,Myron D. Flickner,William P. Risk,Rajit Manohar,Dharmendra S. Modha +19 more
TLDR
Inspired by the brain’s structure, an efficient, scalable, and flexible non–von Neumann architecture is developed that leverages contemporary silicon technology and is well suited to many applications that use complex neural networks in real time, for example, multiobject detection and classification.Abstract:
Inspired by the brain’s structure, we have developed an efficient, scalable, and flexible non–von Neumann architecture that leverages contemporary silicon technology. To demonstrate, we built a 5.4-billion-transistor chip with 4096 neurosynaptic cores interconnected via an intrachip network that integrates 1 million programmable spiking neurons and 256 million configurable synapses. Chips can be tiled in two dimensions via an interchip communication interface, seamlessly scaling the architecture to a cortexlike sheet of arbitrary size. The architecture is well suited to many applications that use complex neural networks in real time, for example, multiobject detection and classification. With 400-pixel-by-240-pixel video input at 30 frames per second, the chip consumes 63 milliwatts.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Online Supervised Learning for Hardware-Based Multilayer Spiking Neural Networks Through the Modulation of Weight-Dependent Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity
Nan Zheng,Pinaki Mazumder +1 more
TL;DR: It is found that the spike timings of neurons in an SNN can be exploited to estimate the gradients that are associated with each synapse, and with the proposed method of estimating gradients, learning similar to the stochastic gradient descent process employed in a conventional artificial neural network (ANN) can be achieved.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Spintronic devices as key elements for energy-efficient neuroinspired architectures
Nicolas Locatelli,Adrien F. Vincent,Alice Mizrahi,Joseph S. Friedman,Damir Vodenicarevic,Joo-Von Kim,Jacques-Olivier Klein,Weisheng Zhao,Julie Grollier,Damien Querlioz +9 more
TL;DR: This paper illustrates how recent developments in embedded nonvolatile memory based on magnetic tunnel junctions can provide the large amount of nonVolatile memory required in neuro-inspired designs while avoiding Von Neumann bottleneck and shows how the probabilistic writing of single MTJ bits can efficiently replace multi-level weighting for some classes of neuroinspired architectures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Graded-Anisotropy-Induced Magnetic Domain Wall Drift for an Artificial Spintronic Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Neuron
Wesley H. Brigner,Xuan Hu,Naimul Hassan,Christopher H. Bennett,Jean Anne C. Incorvia,Felipe Garcia-Sanchez,Joseph S. Friedman +6 more
TL;DR: An anisotropy gradient is introduced to implement a single-layer intrinsically leaking 3T-MTJ LIF neuron without the use of any external circuitry, which provides the leaking functionality with no hardware cost and reduced fabrication complexity, which increases the device, circuit, system, and cost efficiency.
Journal ArticleDOI
Associative Enhancement of Time Correlated Response to Heterogeneous Stimuli in a Neuromorphic Nanowire Device
Curtis J. O’Kelly,Jessamyn A. Fairfield,David McCloskey,Hugh G. Manning,John F. Donegan,John J. Boland +5 more
TL;DR: A neuromorphic device is described based on a TiO2 nanowire that exhibits an associative memory response to the time correlation between voltage and optical stimuli, consistent with spike timing dependent plasticity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two-Dimensional Near-Atom-Thickness Materials for Emerging Neuromorphic Devices and Applications.
Tae-Jun Ko,Hao Li,Sohrab Alex Mofid,Changhyeon Yoo,Emmanuel Okogbue,Sang Sub Han,Sang Sub Han,Mashiyat Sumaiya Shawkat,Adithi Krishnaprasad,Molla Manjurul Islam,Durjoy Dev,Yongjun Shin,Kyu Hwan Oh,Gwan Hyoung Lee,Tania Roy,Yeonwoong Jung +15 more
TL;DR: D diverse 2D materials explored for neuromorphic applications, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, hexagonal boron nitride, and black phosphorous, are comprehensively overviewed.
References
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Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex
David H. Hubel,Torsten N. Wiesel +1 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Can programming be liberated from the von Neumann style?: a functional style and its algebra of programs
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Neuronal circuits of the neocortex
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