A Proteomic Survey of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Mitochondria Sheds New Light on the Metabolic Plasticity of the Organelle and on the Nature of the α-Proteobacterial Mitochondrial Ancestor
Ariane Atteia,Annie Adrait,Sabine Brugière,Marianne Tardif,Robert van Lis,Oliver Deusch,Tal Dagan,Lauriane Kuhn,Brigitte Gontero,William Martin,Jérôme Garin,Jacques Joyard,Norbert Rolland +12 more
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TLDR
The comparison of the Chlamydomonas proteins to their identifiable homologs predicted from 354 sequenced genomes indicated that Arabidopsis is the most closely related nonalgal eukaryote, and the mitochondrial proteome of the photosynthetic alga reveals important lineage-specific differences with other mitochondrial proteomes, reflecting the high metabolic diversity of the organelle.Abstract:
Mitochondria play a key role in the life and death of eukaryotic cells, yet the full spectrum of mitochondrial functions is far from being fully understood, especially in photosynthetic organisms. To advance our understanding of mitochondrial functions in a photosynthetic cell, an extensive proteomic survey of Percoll-purified mitochondria from the metabolically versatile, hydrogen-producing green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was performed. Different fractions of purified mitochondria from Chlamydomonas cells grown under aerobic conditions were analyzed by nano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (MS) after protein separation on SDS-PAGE or on blue-native (BN)-PAGE. Of the 496 non-redundant proteins identified, 149 are known or predicted to reside in other cellular compartments and were thus excluded from the molecular and evolutionary analyses of the Chlamydomonas proteome. The mitochondrial proteome of the photosynthetic alga reveals important lineage-specific differences with other mitochondrial proteomes, reflecting the high metabolic diversity of the organelle. Some mitochondrial metabolic pathways in Chlamydomonas appear to combine typical mitochondrial enzymes and bacterial-type ones whereas others are unknown among mitochondriate eukaryotes. The comparison of the Chlamydomonas proteins to their identifiable homologs predicted from 354 sequenced genomes indicated that Arabidopsis is the most closely related non-algal eukaryote. Furthermore, this phylogenomic analysis shows that free-living alpha-proteobacteria from the metabolically versatile orders Rhizobiales and Rhodobacterales better reflect the gene content of the ancestor of the chlorophyte mitochondria than parasitic alpha-proteobacteria with reduced and specialized genomes.read more
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Biochemistry and Evolution of Anaerobic Energy Metabolism in Eukaryotes
Miklós Müller,Marek Mentel,Jaap J. van Hellemond,Katrin Henze,Christian Woehle,Sven B. Gould,Re-Young Yu,Mark van der Giezen,Aloysius G.M. Tielens,William Martin +9 more
TL;DR: The gene distribution across lineages reflects the presence of anaerobic energy metabolism in the eukaryote common ancestor and differential loss during the specialization of some lineages to oxic niches, just as oxphos capabilities have been differentially lost in specialization to anoxic niches and the parasitic life-style.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Origin and Diversification of Mitochondria.
TL;DR: Since the establishment of the organelle, proteins have been gained, lost, transferred and retargeted as mitochondria have specialized into the spectrum of functional types seen across the eukaryotic tree of life.
Journal ArticleDOI
AT_CHLORO, a Comprehensive Chloroplast Proteome Database with Subplastidial Localization and Curated Information on Envelope Proteins
Myriam Ferro,Myriam Ferro,Sabine Brugière,Sabine Brugière,Daniel Salvi,Daphné Seigneurin-Berny,Magali Court,Magali Court,Lucas Moyet,Claire Ramus,Claire Ramus,Stéphane Miras,Mourad Mellal,Mourad Mellal,Sophie Le Gall,Sylvie Kieffer-Jaquinod,Sylvie Kieffer-Jaquinod,Christophe Bruley,Christophe Bruley,Jérôme Garin,Jérôme Garin,Jacques Joyard,Christophe Masselon,Christophe Masselon,Norbert Rolland +24 more
TL;DR: A unique knowledge base containing extensive information on the proteins identified in envelope fractions was obtained, allowing new insights into this membrane system to be revealed, and the data obtained provide unexpected information about plastidial or subplastidials localization of some proteins that were not suspected to be associated to this membranes system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Endosymbiotic theories for eukaryote origin
TL;DR: A survey of endosymbiotic theories for theorigin of eukaryotes and mitochondria, and for the origin of the eukARYotic nucleus, summarizing the essentials of each and contrasting some of their predictions to the observations is compiled.
Journal ArticleDOI
RNA interference silencing of a major lipid droplet protein affects lipid droplet size in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
TL;DR: Focusing on the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the accumulation of triacylglycerols and the formation of lipid droplets during nitrogen deprivation were investigated and a major protein was tentatively designated major lipid droplet protein (MLDP), specific to the green algal lineage of photosynthetic organisms.
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