Journal ArticleDOI
A Receptor in Pituitary and Hypothalamus That Functions in Growth Hormone Release
Andrew D. Howard,Scott D. Feighner,Doris F. Cully,Joseph P. Arena,Paul A. Liberator,Charles Rosenblum,Michel J. Hamelin,Donna L. Hreniuk,Oksana C. Palyha,Jennifer W. Anderson,Philip S. Paress,Carmen Diaz,Michael Chou,Ken K. Liu,Karen K. McKee,Sheng-Shung Pong,Lee-Yuh Chaung,Alex Elbrecht,Mike Dashkevicz,Robert P. Heavens,Michael Rigby,Dalip J. S. Sirinathsinghji,Dennis C. Dean,David G. Melillo,Arthur A. Patchett,Ravi P. Nargund,Patrick R. Griffin,Julie A. DeMartino,Sunil Gupta,James M. Schaeffer,Roy G. Smith,Lex H.T. Van der Ploeg +31 more
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TLDR
A heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPC-R) of the pituitary and arcuate ventro-medial and infundibular hypothalamus of swine and humans was cloned and was shown to be the target of the GHSs.Abstract:
Small synthetic molecules termed growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) act on the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus to stimulate and amplify pulsatile growth hormone (GH) release. A heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPC-R) of the pituitary and arcuate ventro-medial and infundibular hypothalamus of swine and humans was cloned and was shown to be the target of the GHSs. On the basis of its pharmacological and molecular characterization, this GPC-R defines a neuroendocrine pathway for the control of pulsatile GH release and supports the notion that the GHSs mimic an undiscovered hormone.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin, an Endogenous Growth Hormone Secretagogue, Is a Novel Orexigenic Peptide That Antagonizes Leptin Action Through the Activation of Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y/Y1 Receptor Pathway
Mitsuyo Shintani,Yoshihiro Ogawa,Ken Ebihara,Megumi Aizawa-Abe,Fumiko Miyanaga,Kazuhiko Takaya,Tatsuya Hayashi,Gen Inoue,Kiminori Hosoda,Masayasu Kojima,Kenji Kangawa,Kazuwa Nakao +11 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide that antagonizes leptin action through the activation of hypothalamic NPY/Y1 receptor pathway and is effective in growth hormone-deficient spontaneous dwarf rats.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin inhibits leptin- and activation-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells
Vishwa Deep Dixit,Eric M. Schaffer,Robert Pyle,Gary Collins,Senthil Kumar K. Sakthivel,Ravichandran Palaniappan,James W. Lillard,Dennis D. Taub +7 more
TL;DR: This is the first report demonstrating that ghrelin functions as a key signal, coupling the metabolic axis to the immune system, and supporting the potential use of gh Relin and GHS-R agonists in the management of disease-associated cachexia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin inhibit cell death in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells through ERK1/2 and PI 3-kinase/AKT
Gianluca Baldanzi,Nicoletta Filigheddu,Santina Cutrupi,Filomena Catapano,Sara Bonissoni,Alberto Fubini,Daniela Malan,G. Baj,Riccarda Granata,Fabio Broglio,Mauro Papotti,Nicola Surico,Federico Bussolino,Jörgen Isgaard,Romano Deghenghi,Fabiola Sinigaglia,Maria Prat,Giampiero Muccioli,Ezio Ghigo,Andrea Graziani +19 more
TL;DR: These findings provide the first evidence that, independent of its acylation, ghrelin gene product may act as a survival factor directly on the cardiovascular system through binding to a novel, yet to be identified receptor, which is distinct from GHSR-1a.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Adipose Organ
TL;DR: All together these experiments strongly suggest the possibility to modulate the plasticity of the adipose organ with therapeutic implications for obesity and related disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Post-prandial decrease of circulating human ghrelin levels.
Matthias H. Tschöp,R. Wawarta,Rudolf L. Riepl,S. Friedrich,Martin Bidlingmaier,Rüdiger Landgraf,Christian Folwaczny +6 more
TL;DR: Ghrelin appears to be one possible candidate to provide feedback signaling between nutrient intake, gastric motor function and the central nervous system.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Human Growth Hormone in Men over 60 Years Old
Daniel Rudman,Axel G. Feller,Hoskote S. Nagraj,Gregory A. Gergans,Pardee Y. Lalitha,Allen Fred Goldberg,Robert A. Schlenker,Lester Cohn,Inge W. Rudman,Dale E. Mattson +9 more
TL;DR: Diminished secretion of growth hormone is responsible in part for the decrease of lean body mass, the expansion of adipose-tissue mass, and the thinning of the skin that occur in old age.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the in vitro and in vivo activity of a new synthetic hexapeptide that acts on the pituitary to specifically release growth hormone
TL;DR: [His1,Lys6] GHRP may be a valuable peptide for investigating the function of the pituitary somatotrophs and has the potential for increasing BW gain of a variety of normal animals by inducing GH release via a direct pituitsary site of action.
Journal ArticleDOI
A versatile in vivo and in vitro eukaryotic expression vector for protein engineering
TL;DR: The pSG5 vector as mentioned in this paper was constructed by combining the eukaryotic expression vector, pKCR2, and the high copy plasmid vector Bluescribe Ml3+ (Stratagene).
Journal ArticleDOI
Expression cloning of a human B1 bradykinin receptor.
John G. Menke,Joseph A. Borkowski,Kathleen K. Bierilo,Tanya MacNeil,Amanda W. Derrick,K.A. Schneck,Richard W. Ransom,Catherine D. Strader,David L. Linemeyer,J.F. Hess +9 more
TL;DR: The availability of both the cloned human B1 and B2 bradykinin receptors should allow the elucidation of the relative contributions of these two receptor subtypes in acute and chronic inflammatory processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
A nonpeptidyl growth hormone secretagogue
Roy G. Smith,Kang Cheng,William R. Schoen,Sheng-Shung Pong,Gerard J. Hickey,Tom Jacks,B. Butler,Wanda W.-S. Chan,L.-Y. Chaung,F Judith +9 more
TL;DR: The mechanism of action of L-692,429 and studies with peptidyl and nonpeptidyl antagonists suggest that this molecule is a mimic of the growth hormone-releasing hexapeptide His-D-Trp-Ala-Tr phe-Phe-Lys-NH2 (GHRP-6).