Journal ArticleDOI
Post-prandial decrease of circulating human ghrelin levels.
Matthias H. Tschöp,R. Wawarta,Rudolf L. Riepl,S. Friedrich,Martin Bidlingmaier,Rüdiger Landgraf,Christian Folwaczny +6 more
TLDR
Ghrelin appears to be one possible candidate to provide feedback signaling between nutrient intake, gastric motor function and the central nervous system.Abstract:
Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand of the GH secretagogue-receptor, has recently been shown to stimulate GH secretion and to have orexigenic and adipogenic effects in rodents, but little is known about its regulation and biological function in humans. Gastric motor function is under control of the central nervous system; however, the afferent and efferent loops of this feedback control mechanism remain to be elucidated. In the study presented here we investigated the effect of nutrient intake on circulating human ghrelin levels, and a possible association between ghrelin levels and gastric emptying. Ten healthy volunteers received a standard meal after an overnight fast. Food intake significantly decreased plasma ghrelin levels from 248.5±15.0 to 179.5±17.9 fmol/ml (120 min after meal, p=0.047). Gastric emptying half-time (non-invasive 13C-octanoic acid breath test) was correlated with fasting plasma ghrelin levels (r=0.74, p=0.0013). Ghrelin appears to be one possible candidate to provide feedback signaling between nutrient intake, gastric motor function and the central nervous system.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin: Structure and Function
Masayasu Kojima,Kenji Kangawa +1 more
TL;DR: The discovery of ghrelin indicates that the release of GH from the pituitary might be regulated not only by hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone, but also by gh Relin derived from the stomach, which plays important roles for maintaining GH release and energy homeostasis in vertebrates.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Distribution and Mechanism of Action of Ghrelin in the CNS Demonstrates a Novel Hypothalamic Circuit Regulating Energy Homeostasis
Michael A. Cowley,Roy G. Smith,Sabrina Diano,Matthias H. Tschöp,Nina Pronchuk,Kevin L. Grove,Christian J. Strasburger,Martin Bidlingmaier,Michael Esterman,Mark L. Heiman,Luis M. Garcia-Segura,Eduardo A. Nillni,Pablo Mendez,Malcolm J. Low,Péter Sótonyi,Jeffrey M. Friedman,Hongyan Liu,Shirly Pinto,William F. Colmers,Roger D. Cone,Tamas L. Horvath +20 more
TL;DR: Using electrophysiological recordings, ghrelin stimulated the activity of arcuate NPY neurons and mimicked the effect of NPY in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), thus representing a novel regulatory circuit controlling energy homeostasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system.
TL;DR: Given that the central melanocortin system is an active target for development of drugs for the treatment of obesity, diabetes and cachexia, it is important to understand the system in its full complexity, including the likelihood that the system also regulates the cardiovascular and reproductive systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biological, physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological aspects of ghrelin.
TL;DR: Ghrelin is considered a gastrointestinal peptide contributing to the regulation of diverse functions of the gut-brain axis and there is indeed a possibility that ghrelin analogs, acting as either agonists or antagonists, might have clinical impact.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of leptin and ghrelin in the regulation of food intake and body weight in humans: a review.
TL;DR: A review of the role of leptin and ghrelin in food intake and body weight in humans and their mechanism of action is presented in this article, where possible abnormalities in the leptin and Ghrelin systems that may contribute to the development of obesity are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach.
TL;DR: The occurrence of ghrelin in both rat and human indicates that GH release from the pituitary may be regulated not only by hypothalamic GHRH, but also by ghrelIn, a peptide specifically releases GH both in vivo and in vitro.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents.
TL;DR: It is proposed that ghrelin, in addition to its role in regulating GH secretion, signals the hypothalamus when an increase in metabolic efficiency is necessary, suggesting an involvement in regulation of energy balance.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Receptor in Pituitary and Hypothalamus That Functions in Growth Hormone Release
Andrew D. Howard,Scott D. Feighner,Doris F. Cully,Joseph P. Arena,Paul A. Liberator,Charles Rosenblum,Michel J. Hamelin,Donna L. Hreniuk,Oksana C. Palyha,Jennifer W. Anderson,Philip S. Paress,Carmen Diaz,Michael Chou,Ken K. Liu,Karen K. McKee,Sheng-Shung Pong,Lee-Yuh Chaung,Alex Elbrecht,Mike Dashkevicz,Robert P. Heavens,Michael Rigby,Dalip J. S. Sirinathsinghji,Dennis C. Dean,David G. Melillo,Arthur A. Patchett,Ravi P. Nargund,Patrick R. Griffin,Julie A. DeMartino,Sunil Gupta,James M. Schaeffer,Roy G. Smith,Lex H.T. Van der Ploeg +31 more
TL;DR: A heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPC-R) of the pituitary and arcuate ventro-medial and infundibular hypothalamus of swine and humans was cloned and was shown to be the target of the GHSs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulatory signal from stomach with structural resemblance to motilin.
Akihiro Asakawa,Akio Inui,Toshihiro Kaga,Hideki Yuzuriha,Toshiaki Nagata,Naohiko Ueno,Susumu Makino,Mineko Fujimiya,Akira Niijima,Masayuki A. Fujino,Masato Kasuga +10 more
TL;DR: Ghrelin, which is negatively regulated by leptin and IL-1 beta, is secreted by the stomach and increases arcuate NPY expression, which in turn acts through Y(1) receptors to increase food intake and decrease energy expenditure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin stimulates gastric acid secretion and motility in rats.
Yutaka Masuda,Tsuguhiko Tanaka,Norio Inomata,Norio Ohnuma,Shoji Tanaka,Zen Itoh,Hiroshi Hosoda,Masayasu Kojima,Kenji Kangawa +8 more
TL;DR: Intravenous administrations of rat ghrelin at 0.8 to 20 microgram/kg dose-dependently increased not only gastric acid secretion measured by a lumen-perfused method, but also gastric motility measured byA miniature balloon method suggest that gh Relin may play a physiological role in the vagal control of gastric function in rats.