Book ChapterDOI
Air-Sea Gas Exchange Rates: Introduction and Synthesis
Peter S. Liss,Liliane Merlivat +1 more
- pp 113-127
TLDR
In this article, the basic equations governing air-sea gas exchange are given, then a review of some models proposed to describe the gas transfer process is given, and experimental approaches through both laboratory (principally using wind/water tunnels) and field measurements are summarized.Abstract:
In this chapter we attempt to present a brief introduction to the subject of air-sea gas exchange First the basic equations governing such exchange are given, then a review of some models proposed to describe the gas transfer process Following this, experimental approaches through both laboratory (principally using wind/water tunnels) and field measurements are summarised Finally, we present what seems to us to be the best current synthesis of the wind tunnel and field results for the prediction of gas exchange rates across the sea surfaceread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of variability in wind speed on the calculated gas transfer velocities and the possibility of chemical enhancement of CO2 exchange at low wind speeds over the ocean is illustrated using a quadratic dependence of gas exchange on wind speed.
Journal ArticleDOI
A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions
Alex Guenther,C. Nicholas Hewitt,David J. Erickson,Ray Fall,Chris Geron,Thomas E. Graedel,Peter Harley,Lee Klinger,Manuel T. Lerdau,W. A. Mckay,Tom Pierce,Bob Scholes,Rainer Steinbrecher,Raja Tallamraju,John Taylor,Patrick R. Zimmerman +15 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a global model to estimate emissions of volatile organic compounds from natural sources (NVOC), which has a highly resolved spatial grid and generates hourly average emission estimates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea–air CO2 flux over the global oceans
Taro Takahashi,Stewart C Sutherland,Rik Wanninkhof,Colm Sweeney,Richard A. Feely,D.W. Chipman,Burke Hales,Gernot E. Friederich,Francisco P. Chavez,Christopher L. Sabine,Andrew J. Watson,Dorothee C. E. Bakker,Ute Schuster,Nicolas Metzl,Hisayuki Yoshikawa-Inoue,Masao Ishii,Takashi Midorikawa,Yukihiro Nojiri,Arne Körtzinger,Tobias Steinhoff,Mario Hoppema,Jón Ólafsson,Thorarinn S. Arnarson,Bronte Tilbrook,Truls Johannessen,Are Olsen,Richard G. J. Bellerby,C. S. Wong,Bruno Delille,Nicholas R. Bates,Hein J W de Baar +30 more
TL;DR: In this article, a global mean distribution for surface water pCO2 over the global oceans in non-El Nino conditions has been constructed with spatial resolution of 4° (latitude) × 5° (longitude) for a reference year 2000 based upon about 3 million measurements of surface water PCO2 obtained from 1970 to 2007.
Journal ArticleDOI
The atmospheric input of trace species to the world ocean
Robert A. Duce,Peter S. Liss,John T. Merrill,Elliot Atlas,Patrick Buat-Ménard,B. B. Hicks,John M. Miller,Joseph M. Prospero,Richard Arimoto,Thomas M. Church,W. G. Ellis,James N. Galloway,LeRoy Hansen,Tim Jickells,Anthony H. Knap,K. H. Reinhardt,B. Schneider,A. Soudine,J. J. Tokos,S. Tsunogai,R. Wollast,M. Y. Zhou +21 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess current data in this area, develop global scale estimates of the atmospheric fluxes of trace elements, mineral aerosol, nitrogen species, and synthetic organic compounds to the ocean; and compare the atmospheric input rates of these substances to their input via rivers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Soil microorganisms as controllers of atmospheric trace gases (H2, CO, CH4, OCS, N2O, and NO).
TL;DR: It is completely unclear how important microbial diversity is for the control of trace gas flux at the ecosystem level, and different microbial communities may be part of the reason for differences in trace gas metabolism, e.g., effects of nitrogen fertilizers on CH4 uptake by soil; decrease of CH4 production with decreasing temperature.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Isotopic versus micrometeorologic ocean CO2 fluxes: A serious conflict
Wallace S. Broecker,James R. Ledwell,Taro Takahashi,Ray F. Weiss,Liliane Merlivat,Laurent Mémery,Tsung-Hung Peng,Bernd Jähne,Karl Otto Münnich +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors defend the global average CO2 exchange rate determined by three independent radioisotopic means: pre-bomb radiocarbon inventories; global surveys of mixed layer radon deficits; and oceanic uptake of bomb-produced radioccarbon.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heat and mass transfer between a rough wall and turbulent fluid flow at high Reynolds and Péclet numbers
A. M. Yaglom,B. A. Kader +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived a heat and mass transfer law for fully turbulent flow along a rough wall, which is quite analogous to Millikan's (1939) derivation of a skin-friction law for smooth-and rough-wall flows.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurements of ozone vertical flux to ocean and forest
TL;DR: Ozone flux has been measured from aircraft by the eddy correlation technique over the Gulf of Mexico, the north Pacific Ocean, and a Gulf Coast pine forest, with an accuracy of better than ±15% as discussed by the authors.
Book ChapterDOI
The Variation of the Gas Transfer Coefficient with Molecular Diffusity
TL;DR: In this article, the boundary conditions at the air-water interface lead to a variation of the transfer coefficient with the 1/2 power of the molecular diffusivity for slightly soluble gases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurements of gas exchange and momentum transfer in a circular wind-water tunnel
TL;DR: In this paper, a small circular wind-water tunnel was used to study the effect of wind speed on gas exchange and momentum transfer in the presence of rough waves, and the experiments clearly showed the enhancement of air-water exchange processes by waves.