Open Access
Assessing planetary and regional nitrogen boundaries related to food security and adverse environmental impacts
Wim de Vries,Hans Kros,Carolien Kroeze,Sybil P. Seitzinger +3 more
- pp 6479
TLDR
In this paper, a planetary N boundary should include both the benefits and adverse impacts of reactive N (Nr) and the spatial variability of Nr impacts, considering the need to avoid adverse impacts from elevated Nr emissions to water, air and soils, and to feed the world population in an adequate way.Citations
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Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet
Will Steffen,Will Steffen,Katherine Richardson,Johan Rockström,Sarah Cornell,Ingo Fetzer,Elena M. Bennett,Reinette Biggs,Reinette Biggs,Stephen R. Carpenter,Wim de Vries,Cynthia A. de Wit,Carl Folke,Carl Folke,Dieter Gerten,Jens Heinke,Jens Heinke,Jens Heinke,Georgina M. Mace,Linn Persson,Veerabhadran Ramanathan,Veerabhadran Ramanathan,Belinda Reyers,Belinda Reyers,Sverker Sörlin +24 more
TL;DR: An updated and extended analysis of the planetary boundary (PB) framework and identifies levels of anthropogenic perturbations below which the risk of destabilization of the Earth system (ES) is likely to remain low—a “safe operating space” for global societal development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems
Walter C. Willett,Johan Rockström,Johan Rockström,Brent Loken,Marco Springmann,Tim Lang,Sonja J. Vermeulen,Sonja J. Vermeulen,Tara Garnett,David Tilman,David Tilman,Fabrice DeClerck,Fabrice DeClerck,Amanda Wood,Malin Jonell,Michael Clark,Line Gordon,Jessica Fanzo,Corinna Hawkes,Rami Zurayk,Juan A Rivera,Wim de Vries,Lindiwe Majele Sibanda,Ashkan Afshin,Abhishek Chaudhary,Abhishek Chaudhary,Mario Herrero,Rina Agustina,Francesco Branca,Anna Lartey,Shenggen Fan,Beatrice Crona,Elizabeth L. Fox,Victoria Bignet,Max Troell,Max Troell,Therese Lindahl,Therese Lindahl,Sudhvir Singh,Sarah Cornell,K. Srinath Reddy,Sunita Narain,Sania Nishtar,Christopher J L Murray +43 more
TL;DR: Food in the Anthropocene : the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems focuses on meat, fish, vegetables and fruit as sources of protein.
Journal ArticleDOI
Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits
Marco Springmann,Michael Clark,Daniel Mason-D'Croz,Daniel Mason-D'Croz,Keith Wiebe,Benjamin Leon Bodirsky,Luis Lassaletta,Wim de Vries,Sonja J. Vermeulen,Mario Herrero,Kimberly M. Carlson,Malin Jonell,Max Troell,Max Troell,Fabrice DeClerck,Line Gordon,Rami Zurayk,Peter Scarborough,Mike Rayner,Brent Loken,Jess Fanzo,H. Charles J. Godfray,David Tilman,David Tilman,Johan Rockström,Johan Rockström,Walter C. Willett +26 more
TL;DR: A global model finds that the environmental impacts of the food system could increase by 60–90% by 2050, and that dietary changes, improvements in technologies and management, and reductions in food loss and waste will all be needed to mitigate these impacts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Managing nitrogen for sustainable development
TL;DR: Historical patterns of agricultural nitrogen-use efficiency are examined and a broad range of national approaches to agricultural development and related pollution are found, to meet the 2050 global food demand projected by the Food and Agriculture Organization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Managing nitrogen to restore water quality in China
Chaoqing Yu,Xiao Huang,Han Chen,H. Charles J. Godfray,Jonathon S. Wright,Jim W. Hall,Peng Gong,Shaoqiang Ni,ShengChao Qiao,Guorui Huang,Yuchen Xiao,Jie Zhang,Zhao Feng,XiaoTang Ju,Philippe Ciais,Nils Chr. Stenseth,Nils Chr. Stenseth,Dag O. Hessen,Zhanli Sun,Le Yu,Wenjia Cai,Haohuan Fu,Xiaomeng Huang,Chi Zhang,Hongbin Liu,James Taylor +25 more
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of water-quality observations and simulated nitrogen discharge from agricultural and other sources was used to estimate spatial patterns of nitrogen discharge into water bodies across China from 1955 to 2014.
References
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Global Consequences of Land Use
Jonathan A. Foley,Ruth DeFries,Gregory P. Asner,Carol C. Barford,Gordon B. Bonan,Stephen R. Carpenter,F. Stuart Chapin,Michael T. Coe,Michael T. Coe,Gretchen C. Daily,Holly K. Gibbs,Joseph H. Helkowski,Tracey Holloway,Erica A. Howard,Christopher J. Kucharik,Chad Monfreda,Jonathan A. Patz,I. Colin Prentice,Navin Ramankutty,Peter K. Snyder +19 more
TL;DR: Global croplands, pastures, plantations, and urban areas have expanded in recent decades, accompanied by large increases in energy, water, and fertilizer consumption, along with considerable losses of biodiversity.
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A safe operating space for humanity
Johan Rockström,Johan Rockström,Will Steffen,Will Steffen,Kevin J. Noone,Åsa Persson,Åsa Persson,F. Stuart Chapin,Eric F. Lambin,Timothy M. Lenton,Marten Scheffer,Carl Folke,Carl Folke,Hans Joachim Schellnhuber,Hans Joachim Schellnhuber,Björn Nykvist,Björn Nykvist,Cynthia A. de Wit,Terry P. Hughes,Sander van der Leeuw,Henning Rodhe,Sverker Sörlin,Sverker Sörlin,Peter K. Snyder,Robert Costanza,Robert Costanza,Uno Svedin,Malin Falkenmark,Malin Falkenmark,Louise Karlberg,Louise Karlberg,Robert W. Corell,Victoria J. Fabry,James Hansen,Brian Walker,Brian Walker,Diana Liverman,Diana Liverman,Katherine Richardson,Paul J. Crutzen,Jonathan A. Foley +40 more
TL;DR: Identifying and quantifying planetary boundaries that must not be transgressed could help prevent human activities from causing unacceptable environmental change, argue Johan Rockstrom and colleagues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet
Will Steffen,Will Steffen,Katherine Richardson,Johan Rockström,Sarah Cornell,Ingo Fetzer,Elena M. Bennett,Reinette Biggs,Reinette Biggs,Stephen R. Carpenter,Wim de Vries,Cynthia A. de Wit,Carl Folke,Carl Folke,Dieter Gerten,Jens Heinke,Jens Heinke,Jens Heinke,Georgina M. Mace,Linn Persson,Veerabhadran Ramanathan,Veerabhadran Ramanathan,Belinda Reyers,Belinda Reyers,Sverker Sörlin +24 more
TL;DR: An updated and extended analysis of the planetary boundary (PB) framework and identifies levels of anthropogenic perturbations below which the risk of destabilization of the Earth system (ES) is likely to remain low—a “safe operating space” for global societal development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extinction risk from climate change
Chris D. Thomas,Alison Cameron,Rhys E. Green,Rhys E. Green,Michel Bakkenes,Linda J. Beaumont,Yvonne C. Collingham,Barend F.N. Erasmus,Marinez Ferreira de Siqueira,Alan Grainger,Lee Hannah,Lesley Hughes,Brian Huntley,Albert S. van Jaarsveld,Guy F. Midgley,Lera Miles,Lera Miles,Miguel A. Ortega-Huerta,A. Townsend Peterson,Oliver L. Phillips,Stephen E. Williams +20 more
TL;DR: Estimates of extinction risks for sample regions that cover some 20% of the Earth's terrestrial surface show the importance of rapid implementation of technologies to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and strategies for carbon sequestration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Solutions for a cultivated planet
Jonathan A. Foley,Navin Ramankutty,Kate A. Brauman,E. S. Cassidy,James S. Gerber,M. Johnston,Nathaniel D. Mueller,Christine S. O’Connell,Deepak K. Ray,Paul C. West,Christian Balzer,Elena M. Bennett,Stephen R. Carpenter,Jason Hill,Chad Monfreda,Stephen Polasky,Johan Rockström,John Sheehan,Stefan Siebert,David Tilman,David P. M. Zaks +20 more
TL;DR: It is shown that tremendous progress could be made by halting agricultural expansion, closing ‘yield gaps’ on underperforming lands, increasing cropping efficiency, shifting diets and reducing waste, which could double food production while greatly reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture.