Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma.
TLDR
In six of eight MCV-positive MCCs, viral DNA was integrated within the tumor genome in a clonal pattern, suggesting that MCV infection and integration preceded clonal expansion of the tumor cells, and MCV may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of MCC.Abstract:
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive human skin cancer that typically affects elderly and immunosuppressed individuals, a feature suggestive of an infectious origin. We studied MCC samples by digital transcriptome subtraction and detected a fusion transcript between a previously undescribed virus T antigen and a human receptor tyrosine phosphatase. Further investigation led to identification and sequence analysis of the 5387-base-pair genome of a previously unknown polyomavirus that we call Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV). MCV sequences were detected in 8 of 10 (80%) MCC tumors but only 5 of 59 (8%) control tissues from various body sites and 4 of 25 (16%) control skin tissues. In six of eight MCV-positive MCCs, viral DNA was integrated within the tumor genome in a clonal pattern, suggesting that MCV infection and integration preceded clonal expansion of the tumor cells. Thus, MCV may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of MCC.read more
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MicroRNAs Expressed during Viral Infection: Biomarker Potential and Therapeutic Considerations.
TL;DR: This review summarizes the viral and/or cellular mi RNAs that are transcribed during infection, with a focus on the biomarker and therapeutic potential of miRNAs (or their antagomirs).
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Diversity of DNA and RNA Viruses in Indoor Air As Assessed via Metagenomic Sequencing
TL;DR: Investigating dust accumulated over a one-year period on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning filters detected a broad diversity of viruses associated with a range of hosts, including animals, arthropods, bacteria, fungi, humans, plants, and protists, suggesting that disparate organisms can contribute to indoor airborne viral communities.
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The Role of the Immune Response in Merkel Cell Carcinoma
TL;DR: It is suggested that immune modulation, including reduction of immune suppression, can result in tumor regression and better understanding on how MCPyV and MCC evade the immune response will be necessary to develop effective immunotherapies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Third generation sequencing technologies applied to diagnostic microbiology: benefits and challenges in applications and data analysis
TL;DR: The technical advance brought by third generation sequencing platforms has the potential to significantly expand the range of diagnostic tools that will be available to clinicians, and this review focuses on the advantages and the issues brought by the new technologies.
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Infectious Entry of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus.
Miriam Becker,Melissa Dominguez,Lilo Greune,Laura Soria-Martinez,Laura Soria-Martinez,Moritz M. Pfleiderer,Rachel M. Schowalter,Christopher B. Buck,Bärbel S. Blaum,M. Alexander Schmidt,Mario Schelhaas,Mario Schelhaas +11 more
TL;DR: The cell biological determinants of MCPyV entry into A549 cells, a highly transducible lung carcinoma cell line, are analyzed in comparison to well-studied simian virus 40 and a number of other viruses, and the virus was found to acquire a membrane envelope within endosomes, a phenomenon not reported for other viruses.
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