Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma.
TLDR
In six of eight MCV-positive MCCs, viral DNA was integrated within the tumor genome in a clonal pattern, suggesting that MCV infection and integration preceded clonal expansion of the tumor cells, and MCV may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of MCC.Abstract:
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive human skin cancer that typically affects elderly and immunosuppressed individuals, a feature suggestive of an infectious origin. We studied MCC samples by digital transcriptome subtraction and detected a fusion transcript between a previously undescribed virus T antigen and a human receptor tyrosine phosphatase. Further investigation led to identification and sequence analysis of the 5387-base-pair genome of a previously unknown polyomavirus that we call Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV). MCV sequences were detected in 8 of 10 (80%) MCC tumors but only 5 of 59 (8%) control tissues from various body sites and 4 of 25 (16%) control skin tissues. In six of eight MCV-positive MCCs, viral DNA was integrated within the tumor genome in a clonal pattern, suggesting that MCV infection and integration preceded clonal expansion of the tumor cells. Thus, MCV may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of MCC.read more
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Progress in Neoantigen Targeted Cancer Immunotherapies.
TL;DR: This review aims to introduce the methods of the identification of neoantigens, the mutational patterns of human cancers, related clinical trials, neoantigen burden and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade, and focuses on relevant challenges of targeting neoantIGens for cancer treatment.
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John Cunningham virus: an overview on biology and disease of the etiological agent of the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
TL;DR: Current understanding in the context of JCV and human disease is updated and the hypothesis that immune deficiency is a predisposing factor for PML is believed to be correct.
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Detection of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in the Human Tissues from 41 Japanese Autopsy Cases Using Polymerase Chain Reaction
Michiko Matsushita,Satoshi Kuwamoto,Takeshi Iwasaki,Hiromi Higaki-Mori,Shoji Yashima,Masako Kato,Ichiro Murakami,Yasushi Horie,Yukisato Kitamura,Kazuhiko Hayashi +9 more
TL;DR: Detailed PCR data showed higher prevalence of M CPyV infection in Japanese men than women (p = 0.004) and broad distribution of MCPyV with low viral load in more non-neoplastic human tissues than in the previous reports.
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Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen induces genome instability by E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting
TL;DR: These results provide important insight as to how centrosome number and chromosomal stability can be affected by the E3 ligase targeting capacity of viral oncoproteins such as MCV sT, which may contribute to Merkel cell carcinogenesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Frequent detection of Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA in sera of HIV-1-positive patients
TL;DR: Results suggest that MCPyV viremia is associated with host immunity, and that circulation ofHPyV6 and HPyV7 in the serum is rare.
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