Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma.
TLDR
In six of eight MCV-positive MCCs, viral DNA was integrated within the tumor genome in a clonal pattern, suggesting that MCV infection and integration preceded clonal expansion of the tumor cells, and MCV may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of MCC.Abstract:
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive human skin cancer that typically affects elderly and immunosuppressed individuals, a feature suggestive of an infectious origin. We studied MCC samples by digital transcriptome subtraction and detected a fusion transcript between a previously undescribed virus T antigen and a human receptor tyrosine phosphatase. Further investigation led to identification and sequence analysis of the 5387-base-pair genome of a previously unknown polyomavirus that we call Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV). MCV sequences were detected in 8 of 10 (80%) MCC tumors but only 5 of 59 (8%) control tissues from various body sites and 4 of 25 (16%) control skin tissues. In six of eight MCV-positive MCCs, viral DNA was integrated within the tumor genome in a clonal pattern, suggesting that MCV infection and integration preceded clonal expansion of the tumor cells. Thus, MCV may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of MCC.read more
Citations
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De novo malignancies after organ transplantation: focus on viral infections
Pierluca Piselli,Ghil Busnach,Lucia Fratino,Franco Citterio,Giuseppe Maria Ettorre,P. De Paoli,Diego Serraino +6 more
TL;DR: This review, focusing on kidney and liver transplants, highlights updated evidences linking iatrogenic immunosuppression, persistent infections with oncogenic viruses and cancer risk.
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Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Review of Current Advances
TL;DR: The recent advancement in diagnosis, discoveries in pathogenesis, and updates in management of Merkel cell carcinoma are reviewed; the acronym, AEIOU, has been proposed to aid in clinical identification.
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Crystallographic and Glycan Microarray Analysis of Human Polyomavirus 9 VP1 Identifies N-Glycolyl Neuraminic Acid as a Receptor Candidate
Zaigham M. Khan,Yan Liu,Ursula Neu,Michel Gilbert,Bernhard Ehlers,Ten Feizi,Thilo Stehle,Thilo Stehle +7 more
TL;DR: Using glycan microarray screening and high-resolution protein crystallography, the receptor specificity of a recently discovered human polyomavirus, HPyV9, is compared to that of the closely related simian polyomvirus LPyV and critical differences in specificities of both viruses are highlighted.
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Immunodeficiency-associated viral oncogenesis
TL;DR: An update on the association between the condition of acquired immunodeficiency and cancer risk is provided, specifically addressing the contributions to oncogenesis of HPV, MCV, KSHV, HTLV-1, and EBV.
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Immunotherapy for Merkel cell carcinoma: a turning point in patient care.
TL;DR: The rationale for the use of immune checkpoint inhibition is discussed, current single agent therapies tested in and approved for MCC are reviewed, and emerging immunotherapeutic options for these patients are discussed.
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