Codon Usage and Splicing Jointly Influence mRNA Localization.
Christine Mordstein,Rosina Savisaar,Robert Young,Jeanne Bazile,Lana Talmane,Juliet Luft,Michael Liss,Martin S. Taylor,Laurence D. Hurst,Grzegorz Kudla +9 more
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TLDR
It is proposed that splicing promotes the nuclear export of AU-rich mRNAs and that codon- and splicing-dependent effects on expression are under evolutionary pressure in the human genome.Abstract:
In the human genome, most genes undergo splicing, and patterns of codon usage are splicing dependent: guanine and cytosine (GC) content is the highest within single-exon genes and within first exons of multi-exon genes. However, the effects of codon usage on gene expression are typically characterized in unspliced model genes. Here, we measured the effects of splicing on expression in a panel of synonymous reporter genes that varied in nucleotide composition. We found that high GC content increased protein yield, mRNA yield, cytoplasmic mRNA localization, and translation of unspliced reporters. Splicing did not affect the expression of GC-rich variants. However, splicing promoted the expression of AT-rich variants by increasing their steady-state protein and mRNA levels, in part through promoting cytoplasmic localization of mRNA. We propose that splicing promotes the nuclear export of AU-rich mRNAs and that codon- and splicing-dependent effects on expression are under evolutionary pressure in the human genome.read more
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Functional Long Non-coding RNAs Evolve from Junk Transcripts.
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Evidence for strong mutation bias towards, and selection against, U content in SARS-CoV-2: implications for vaccine design.
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TL;DR: The results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome are reported and an initial analysis is presented, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Topology of the human and mouse m6A RNA methylomes revealed by m6A-seq
Dan Dominissini,Sharon Moshitch-Moshkovitz,Schraga Schwartz,Schraga Schwartz,Mali Salmon-Divon,Lior Ungar,Sivan Osenberg,Sivan Osenberg,Karen Cesarkas,Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch,Ninette Amariglio,Martin Kupiec,Rotem Sorek,Gideon Rechavi,Gideon Rechavi +14 more
TL;DR: The findings suggest that RNA decoration by m6A has a fundamental role in regulation of gene expression, and a subset of stimulus-dependent, dynamically modulated sites is identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
The codon Adaptation Index--a measure of directional synonymous codon usage bias, and its potential applications.
Paul M. Sharp,Wen-Hsiung Li +1 more
TL;DR: A simple, effective measure of synonymous codon usage bias, the Codon Adaptation Index, is detailed, useful for predicting the level of expression of a gene, for assessing the adaptation of viral genes to their hosts, and for making comparisons ofCodon usage in different organisms.