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Journal ArticleDOI

Colonic inflammation in Parkinson's disease.

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TLDR
Findings provide evidence that enteric inflammation occurs in Parkinson's disease and further reinforce the role of peripheral inflammation in the initiation and/or the progression of the disease.
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This article is published in Neurobiology of Disease.The article was published on 2013-02-01. It has received 446 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Glial fibrillary acidic protein & Parkinson's disease.

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Citations
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Oral Exposure to Paraquat Triggers Earlier Expression of Phosphorylated α-Synuclein in the Enteric Nervous System of A53T Mutant Human α-Synuclein Transgenic Mice.

TL;DR: Remarkably, pSer129 α-syn was detected in ENS earlier under PQ oral exposure and enteric GFAP expression was also increased, bringing additional support to the theory that neurotoxic agents such as PQ initiate idiopathic PD after oral delivery.
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Dysbiosis is one of the risk factor for stroke and cognitive impairment and potential target for treatment.

TL;DR: The authors present the role of gut microbiota in physiology, and the novel therapeutic targets in modulation of intestinal microbiota, which could offer benefits by modulating microbiota cross-talk with brain and cardiovascular system.
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The Microbiome-Mitochondria Dance in Prodromal Parkinson's Disease.

TL;DR: It is proposed that a cascade of events initiating in a dysbiotic gut microbiome drive the production of toxins or antibiotics that target and damage mitochondria, which activates neuronal innate immunity and triggers sterile inflammation phenomena that culminate in the neurodegenerative processes observed in the enteric and in the central nervous systems and that ultimately lead to Parkinson’s disease.
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Early signs of colonic inflammation, intestinal dysfunction, and olfactory impairments in the rotenone-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

TL;DR: In Swiss mice, exposure to rotenone induces GI and olfactory dysfunction involving immunological and neurotransmitter alterations, similar to early signs of PD, providing further evidence for the involvement of the gut–brain axis in PD.
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Peripheral alpha-synuclein and Parkinson's disease.

TL;DR: It has now been demonstrated that a-syn can be taken up dopamine neurons in both transgenic and wild type rodents leading to inclusion body formation, neurodegeneration, behavioral abnormalities and transfer/ transport to neighboring regions with extension of the disease process.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative pcr and the 2(-delta delta c(t)) method

TL;DR: The 2-Delta Delta C(T) method as mentioned in this paper was proposed to analyze the relative changes in gene expression from real-time quantitative PCR experiments, and it has been shown to be useful in the analysis of realtime, quantitative PCR data.
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Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases.

TL;DR: The pathological findings in 100 patients diagnosed prospectively by a group of consultant neurologists as having idiopathic Parkinson's disease are reported, and these observations call into question current concepts of Parkinson's Disease as a single distinct morbid entity.
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Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease

TL;DR: This study traces the course of the pathology in incidental and symptomatic Parkinson cases proposing a staging procedure based upon the readily recognizable topographical extent of the lesions.
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Reactive microglia are positive for HLA‐DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains

TL;DR: The detected large numbers of HLA-DR-positive reactive microglia (macrophages) in the substantia nigra of all cases studied with Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism and suggest a frequent coexistence of DAT- and Parkinson-type pathology in elderly patients.
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