Diet-induced extinctions in the gut microbiota compound over generations
Erica D. Sonnenburg,Samuel A. Smits,Mikhail Tikhonov,Steven K. Higginbottom,Ned S. Wingreen,Justin L. Sonnenburg +5 more
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TLDR
It is shown that changes in the microbiota of mice consuming a low-MAC diet and harbouring a human microbiota are largely reversible within a single generation, and that taxa driven to low abundance when dietary MACs are scarce are inefficiently transferred to the next generation and are at increased risk of becoming extinct within an isolated population.Abstract:
The gut is home to trillions of microorganisms that have fundamental roles in many aspects of human biology, including immune function and metabolism. The reduced diversity of the gut microbiota in Western populations compared to that in populations living traditional lifestyles presents the question of which factors have driven microbiota change during modernization. Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) found in dietary fibre have a crucial involvement in shaping this microbial ecosystem, and are notably reduced in the Western diet (high in fat and simple carbohydrates, low in fibre) compared with a more traditional diet. Here we show that changes in the microbiota of mice consuming a low-MAC diet and harbouring a human microbiota are largely reversible within a single generation. However, over several generations, a low-MAC diet results in a progressive loss of diversity, which is not recoverable after the reintroduction of dietary MACs. To restore the microbiota to its original state requires the administration of missing taxa in combination with dietary MAC consumption. Our data illustrate that taxa driven to low abundance when dietary MACs are scarce are inefficiently transferred to the next generation, and are at increased risk of becoming extinct within an isolated population. As more diseases are linked to the Western microbiota and the microbiota is targeted therapeutically, microbiota reprogramming may need to involve strategies that incorporate dietary MACs as well as taxa not currently present in the Western gut.read more
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From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites
TL;DR: Data is reviewed supporting the diverse functional roles carried out by a major class of bacterial metabolites, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which affect various physiological processes and may contribute to health and disease.
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Introduction to the human gut microbiota
Elizabeth Thursby,Nathalie Juge +1 more
TL;DR: This review summarises the current understanding of the development and composition of the human GI microbiota, and its impact on gut integrity and host health, underlying the need for mechanistic studies focusing on host–microbe interactions.
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A communal catalogue reveals Earth’s multiscale microbial diversity
Luke R. Thompson,Luke R. Thompson,Luke R. Thompson,Jon G. Sanders,Daniel McDonald,Amnon Amir,Joshua Ladau,Kenneth J. Locey,Robert J. Prill,Anupriya Tripathi,Sean M. Gibbons,Sean M. Gibbons,Gail Ackermann,Jose A. Navas-Molina,Stefan Janssen,Evguenia Kopylova,Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza,Antonio Gonzalez,James T. Morton,Siavash Mirarab,Zhenjiang Zech Xu,Lingjing Jiang,Mohamed F. Haroon,Jad N. Kanbar,Qiyun Zhu,Se Jin Song,Tomasz Kosciolek,Nicholas A. Bokulich,Joshua P Lefler,Colin J. Brislawn,Gregory Humphrey,Sarah M. Owens,Jarrad T. Hampton-Marcell,Jarrad T. Hampton-Marcell,Donna Berg-Lyons,Valerie J. McKenzie,Noah Fierer,Noah Fierer,Jed A. Fuhrman,Aaron Clauset,Rick Stevens,Rick Stevens,Ashley Shade,Katherine S. Pollard,Kelly D. Goodwin,Janet K. Jansson,Jack A. Gilbert,Jack A. Gilbert,Rob Knight +48 more
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project is presented, creating both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth’s microbial diversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism
TL;DR: A body of knowledge is accumulating that points to the gut microbiota as a mediator of dietary impact on the host metabolic status and the prospect of therapeutic interventions such as personalized nutrition.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Impact of Dietary Fiber on Gut Microbiota in Host Health and Disease.
TL;DR: This review will focus on dietary fibers, which interact directly with gut microbes and lead to the production of key metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, and discuss how dietary fiber impacts gut microbial ecology, host physiology, and health.
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