Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms for Gene Expression and Phenotypic Variation in Plant Polyploids
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TLDR
There is compelling evidence that changes in DNA sequence, cis- and trans-acting effects, chromatin modifications, RNA-mediated pathways, and regulatory networks modulate differential expression of homoeologous genes and phenotypic variation that may facilitate adaptive evolution in polyploid plants and domestication in crops.Abstract:
Polyploidy, or whole-genome duplication (WGD), is an important genomic feature for all eukaryotes, especially many plants and some animals. The common occurrence of polyploidy suggests an evolutionary advantage of having multiple sets of genetic material for adaptive evolution. However, increased gene and genome dosages in autopolyploids (duplications of a single genome) and allopolyploids (combinations of two or more divergent genomes) often cause genome instabilities, chromosome imbalances, regulatory incompatibilities, and reproductive failures. Therefore, new allopolyploids must establish a compatible relationship between alien cytoplasm and nuclei and between two divergent genomes, leading to rapid changes in genome structure, gene expression, and developmental traits such as fertility, inbreeding, apomixis, flowering time, and hybrid vigor. Although the underlying mechanisms for these changes are poorly understood, some themes are emerging. There is compelling evidence that changes in DNA se...read more
Citations
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A chromosome-based draft sequence of the hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome
Klaus F. X. Mayer,Jane Rogers,Jaroslav Doležel,Curtis J. Pozniak,Kellye Eversole,Catherine Feuillet,Bikram S. Gill,Bernd Friebe,Adam J. Lukaszewski,Pierre Sourdille,Takashi R. Endo,M. Kubaláková,Jarmila Číhalíková,Zdeňka Dubská,Jan Vrána,Romana Šperková,Hana Šimková,Melanie Febrer,Leah Clissold,Kirsten McLay,Kuldeep Singh,Parveen Chhuneja,Nagendra K. Singh,Jitendra P. Khurana,Eduard Akhunov,Frédéric Choulet,Adriana Alberti,Valérie Barbe,Patrick Wincker,Hiroyuki Kanamori,Fuminori Kobayashi,Takeshi Itoh,Takashi Matsumoto,Hiroaki Sakai,Tsuyoshi Tanaka,Jianzhong Wu,Yasunari Ogihara,Hirokazu Handa,P. Ron Maclachlan,Andrew G. Sharpe,Darrin Klassen,David Edwards,Jacqueline Batley,Odd-Arne Olsen,Simen Rød Sandve,Sigbjørn Lien,Burkhard Steuernagel,Brande B. H. Wulff,Mario Caccamo,Sarah Ayling,Ricardo H. Ramirez-Gonzalez,Bernardo J. Clavijo,Jonathan M. Wright,Matthias Pfeifer,Manuel Spannagl,Mihaela Martis,Martin Mascher,Jarrod Chapman,Jesse Poland,Uwe Scholz,Kerrie Barry,Robbie Waugh,Daniel S. Rokhsar,Gary J. Muehlbauer,Nils Stein,Heidrun Gundlach,Matthias Zytnicki,Véronique Jamilloux,Hadi Quesneville,Thomas Wicker,Primetta Faccioli,Moreno Colaiacovo,Antonio Michele Stanca,Hikmet Budak,Luigi Cattivelli,Natasha Glover,Lise Pingault,Etienne Paux,Sapna Sharma,Rudi Appels,Matthew I. Bellgard,Brett Chapman,Thomas Nussbaumer,Kai Christian Bader,Hélène Rimbert,Shichen Wang,Ron Knox,Andrzej Kilian,Michael Alaux,Françoise Alfama,Loïc Couderc,Nicolas Guilhot,Claire Viseux,Mikaël Loaec,Beat Keller,Sébastien Praud +95 more
TL;DR: Insight into the genome biology of a polyploid crop provide a springboard for faster gene isolation, rapid genetic marker development, and precise breeding to meet the needs of increasing food demand worldwide.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Role of Hybridization in Plant Speciation
TL;DR: The time is therefore right for a review of the role of hybridization in plant speciation, demonstrating that perhaps all angiosperms have likely undergone at least one round of polyploidization and that hybridization has been an important force in generating angiosperm species diversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomic Plasticity and the Diversity of Polyploid Plants
Andrew R. Leitch,Ilia J. Leitch +1 more
TL;DR: The ability to withstand large-scale changes, frequently within one or a few generations, is associated with a restructuring of the transcriptome, metabolome, and proteome and can result in an altered phenotype and ecology.
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Mariska te Beest,Mariska te Beest,Johannes J. Le Roux,David M. Richardson,Anne K. Brysting,Jan Suda,Jan Suda,Magdalena Kubešová,Magdalena Kubešová,Petr Pyšek,Petr Pyšek +10 more
TL;DR: Polyploidy can be an important factor in species invasion success through a combination of 'pre-adaptation', whereby polyploid lineages are predisposed to conditions in the new range and, therefore, have higher survival rates and fitness in the earliest establishment phase.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolutionary Genetics of Genome Merger and Doubling in Plants
Jeff J. Doyle,Lex E. Flagel,Andrew H. Paterson,Ryan A. Rapp,Douglas E. Soltis,Pamela S. Soltis,Jonathan F. Wendel +6 more
TL;DR: The profound effects of polyploidy on gene expression appear to be caused more by hybridity than by genome doubling, suggesting that there is an underlying set of principles governing the fates of duplicated genes.
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