Gut microbiome composition is linked to whole grain-induced immunological improvements
Inés Martínez,James M. Lattimer,Kelcie L. Hubach,Jennifer A Case,Junyi Yang,Casey Weber,Julie A. Louk,Devin J. Rose,Gayaneh Kyureghian,Daniel A. Peterson,Mark D. Haub,Jens Walter +11 more
TLDR
It is revealed that a short-term intake of whole grains induced compositional alterations of the gut microbiota that coincided with improvements in host physiological measures related to metabolic dysfunctions in humans.Abstract:
The involvement of the gut microbiota in metabolic disorders, and the ability of whole grains to affect both host metabolism and gut microbial ecology, suggest that some benefits of whole grains are mediated through their effects on the gut microbiome. Nutritional studies that assess the effect of whole grains on both the gut microbiome and human physiology are needed. We conducted a randomized cross-over trial with four-week treatments in which 28 healthy humans consumed a daily dose of 60 g of whole-grain barley (WGB), brown rice (BR), or an equal mixture of the two (BR+WGB), and characterized their impact on fecal microbial ecology and blood markers of inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism. All treatments increased microbial diversity, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and the abundance of the genus Blautia in fecal samples. The inclusion of WGB enriched the genera Roseburia, Bifidobacterium and Dialister, and the species Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia faecis and Roseburia intestinalis. Whole grains, and especially the BR+WGB treatment, reduced plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and peak postprandial glucose. Shifts in the abundance of Eubacterium rectale were associated with changes in the glucose and insulin postprandial response. Interestingly, subjects with greater improvements in IL-6 levels harbored significantly higher proportions of Dialister and lower abundance of Coriobacteriaceae. In conclusion, this study revealed that a short-term intake of whole grains induced compositional alterations of the gut microbiota that coincided with improvements in host physiological measures related to metabolic dysfunctions in humans.read more
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Study of dietary factors for body weight control through gut brain-axis
TL;DR: The hypothesis that dietary whole grains (WG) fibers are able to control body weight through a mechanism involving appetite control and the reduction of infiammatory status is tested and evidence suggest a main role of cephalic phase in the digestive processes related to meal initiation and meal termination.
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Effects of long-term intake of whole wheat and aleurone-enriched Chinese steamed bread on gut microbiome and liver metabolome in mice fed high-fat diet
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the effect of whole wheat flour steamed bread (AWF) and aleurone-enriched wheat flaked bread on gut microbiota and metabolomic disorders in long-term high-fat diet mice.
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High cereal fibre but not total fibre is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes: Evidence from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study
TL;DR: In this paper , the associations of total dietary fibre and fibre from different food sources (i.e., cereal, fruit and vegetables) with the risk of diabetes were assessed to assess the associations.
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Prospective analysis reveals associations between carbohydrate intakes, genetic predictors of short-chain fatty acid synthesis, and colorectal cancer risk
TL;DR: In this paper , the interplay between host genetic factors, colonization of specific bacteria, production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and intake of whole grains and fiber could alter the protective role of carbohydrates against colorectal cancer.
References
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