Gut microbiome composition is linked to whole grain-induced immunological improvements
Inés Martínez,James M. Lattimer,Kelcie L. Hubach,Jennifer A Case,Junyi Yang,Casey Weber,Julie A. Louk,Devin J. Rose,Gayaneh Kyureghian,Daniel A. Peterson,Mark D. Haub,Jens Walter +11 more
TLDR
It is revealed that a short-term intake of whole grains induced compositional alterations of the gut microbiota that coincided with improvements in host physiological measures related to metabolic dysfunctions in humans.Abstract:
The involvement of the gut microbiota in metabolic disorders, and the ability of whole grains to affect both host metabolism and gut microbial ecology, suggest that some benefits of whole grains are mediated through their effects on the gut microbiome. Nutritional studies that assess the effect of whole grains on both the gut microbiome and human physiology are needed. We conducted a randomized cross-over trial with four-week treatments in which 28 healthy humans consumed a daily dose of 60 g of whole-grain barley (WGB), brown rice (BR), or an equal mixture of the two (BR+WGB), and characterized their impact on fecal microbial ecology and blood markers of inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism. All treatments increased microbial diversity, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and the abundance of the genus Blautia in fecal samples. The inclusion of WGB enriched the genera Roseburia, Bifidobacterium and Dialister, and the species Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia faecis and Roseburia intestinalis. Whole grains, and especially the BR+WGB treatment, reduced plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and peak postprandial glucose. Shifts in the abundance of Eubacterium rectale were associated with changes in the glucose and insulin postprandial response. Interestingly, subjects with greater improvements in IL-6 levels harbored significantly higher proportions of Dialister and lower abundance of Coriobacteriaceae. In conclusion, this study revealed that a short-term intake of whole grains induced compositional alterations of the gut microbiota that coincided with improvements in host physiological measures related to metabolic dysfunctions in humans.read more
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Personalized Nutrition by Prediction of Glycemic Responses
David Zeevi,Tal Korem,Niv Zmora,Niv Zmora,David Israeli,Daphna Rothschild,Adina Weinberger,Orly Ben-Yacov,Dar Lador,Tali Avnit-Sagi,Maya Lotan-Pompan,Jotham Suez,Jemal Ali Mahdi,Elad Matot,Gal Malka,Noa Kosower,Michal Rein,Gili Zilberman-Schapira,Lenka Dohnalová,Meirav Pevsner-Fischer,Rony Bikovsky,Zamir Halpern,Eran Elinav,Eran Segal +23 more
TL;DR: A machine-learning algorithm is devised that integrates blood parameters, dietary habits, anthropometrics, physical activity, and gut microbiota measured in an 800-person cohort and shows that it accurately predicts personalized postprandial glycemic response to real-life meals, and a blinded randomized controlled dietary intervention based on this algorithm resulted in significantly lower postpr andial responses and consistent alterations to gut microbiota configuration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health.
Rasnik Singh,Hsin Wen Chang,Di Yan,Kristina Lee,Derya Ucmak,Kirsten Wong,Michael Abrouk,Benjamin Farahnik,Mio Nakamura,Tian Hao Zhu,Tina Bhutani,Wilson Liao +11 more
TL;DR: It is shown that consumption of particular types of food produces predictable shifts in existing host bacterial genera, which affects host immune and metabolic parameters, with broad implications for human health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review features of microbiome-immunity crosstalk and their roles in health and disease, while providing examples of molecular mechanisms orchestrating these interactions in the intestine and extra-intestinal organs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota.
TL;DR: The current knowledge of the impact of fiber and prebiotic consumption on the composition and metabolic function of the human gastrointestinal microbiota is reviewed, including the effects of physiochemical properties of complex carbohydrates, adequate intake and treatment dosages, and the phenotypic responses related to the composition of thehuman microbiota.
Journal ArticleDOI
You are what you eat: diet, health and the gut microbiota.
TL;DR: The major principles underlying effects of dietary constituents on the gut microbiota are reviewed, resolving aspects of the diet–microbiota–host crosstalk, and the promises and challenges of incorporating microbiome data into dietary planning are presented.
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