Gut microbiome composition is linked to whole grain-induced immunological improvements
Inés Martínez,James M. Lattimer,Kelcie L. Hubach,Jennifer A Case,Junyi Yang,Casey Weber,Julie A. Louk,Devin J. Rose,Gayaneh Kyureghian,Daniel A. Peterson,Mark D. Haub,Jens Walter +11 more
TLDR
It is revealed that a short-term intake of whole grains induced compositional alterations of the gut microbiota that coincided with improvements in host physiological measures related to metabolic dysfunctions in humans.Abstract:
The involvement of the gut microbiota in metabolic disorders, and the ability of whole grains to affect both host metabolism and gut microbial ecology, suggest that some benefits of whole grains are mediated through their effects on the gut microbiome. Nutritional studies that assess the effect of whole grains on both the gut microbiome and human physiology are needed. We conducted a randomized cross-over trial with four-week treatments in which 28 healthy humans consumed a daily dose of 60 g of whole-grain barley (WGB), brown rice (BR), or an equal mixture of the two (BR+WGB), and characterized their impact on fecal microbial ecology and blood markers of inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism. All treatments increased microbial diversity, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and the abundance of the genus Blautia in fecal samples. The inclusion of WGB enriched the genera Roseburia, Bifidobacterium and Dialister, and the species Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia faecis and Roseburia intestinalis. Whole grains, and especially the BR+WGB treatment, reduced plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and peak postprandial glucose. Shifts in the abundance of Eubacterium rectale were associated with changes in the glucose and insulin postprandial response. Interestingly, subjects with greater improvements in IL-6 levels harbored significantly higher proportions of Dialister and lower abundance of Coriobacteriaceae. In conclusion, this study revealed that a short-term intake of whole grains induced compositional alterations of the gut microbiota that coincided with improvements in host physiological measures related to metabolic dysfunctions in humans.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
A cross-sectional comparative study of gut bacterial community of Indian and Finnish children
Shreyas V. Kumbhare,Shreyas V. Kumbhare,Himanshu Kumar,Somak Chowdhury,Somak Chowdhury,Dhiraj P. Dhotre,Akihito Endo,Jaana Mättö,Arthur C. Ouwehand,Samuli Rautava,Ruchi Joshi,Nitinkumar P. Patil,Ravindra H. Patil,Erika Isolauri,Ashish Bavdekar,Seppo Salminen,Yogesh S. Shouche +16 more
TL;DR: The gut bacterial community structure in 13–14-year-old Indian and Finnish children differs significantly, and a strong influence of FUT2 and birth mode variants on specific gut bacterial taxa was noticed to differ between the two populations under study.
Book ChapterDOI
Rice Bran: A Food Ingredient with Global Public Health Opportunities
TL;DR: This chapter addresses the challenges and opportunities for widespread rice bran consumption, and highlights how rice varietal differences in bioactive components merit investigation for health properties.
Journal ArticleDOI
Whole grain diet reduces systemic inflammation: A meta-analysis of 9 randomized trials.
TL;DR: The evidence suggested that citizens could benefit from increased whole grain intake for reducing systemic inflammation, and well-designed studies are required to investigate the mechanism under the appearance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Holobiont nutrition: considering the role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in the health benefits of whole grains
TL;DR: The study provided evidence that a short-term increased intake of whole grains led to compositional alterations of the gut microbiota that coincided with improvements in systemic inflammation, and provided a perspective on the importance of regarding humans as holobionts when considering the health effects of dietary strategies.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of bioregenerative life‐support system dietary structure and lifestyle on the gut microbiota: a 105‐day ground‐based space simulation in Lunar Palace 1
TL;DR: How a BLSS impacts the gut microbiota during a 105-day study in the Chinese Lunar Palace 1 (LP1) is reported, suggesting the necessity of environmental pathogen control in BLSS.
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