High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite
Yenny Hernandez,Valeria Nicolosi,Mustafa Lotya,Fiona M. Blighe,Zhenyu Sun,Sukanta De,I.T. McGovern,Brendan Holland,Michele T. Byrne,Yurii K. Gun'ko,John J. Boland,Peter Niraj,Georg S. Duesberg,Satheesh Krishnamurthy,Robbie Goodhue,John L. Hutchison,Vittorio Scardaci,Andrea C. Ferrari,Jonathan N. Coleman +18 more
TLDR
Graphene dispersions with concentrations up to approximately 0.01 mg ml(-1), produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone are demonstrated.Abstract:
Fully exploiting the properties of graphene will require a method for the mass production of this remarkable material. Two main routes are possible: large-scale growth or large-scale exfoliation. Here, we demonstrate graphene dispersions with concentrations up to approximately 0.01 mg ml(-1), produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone. This is possible because the energy required to exfoliate graphene is balanced by the solvent-graphene interaction for solvents whose surface energies match that of graphene. We confirm the presence of individual graphene sheets by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Our method results in a monolayer yield of approximately 1 wt%, which could potentially be improved to 7-12 wt% with further processing. The absence of defects or oxides is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. We are able to produce semi-transparent conducting films and conducting composites. Solution processing of graphene opens up a range of potential large-area applications, from device and sensor fabrication to liquid-phase chemistry.read more
Citations
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Water-assisted ions in situ intercalation for porous polymeric graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets with superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance
TL;DR: In this paper, two-dimensional layered polymeric carbon nanosheets were obtained by lithium chloride ions in situ intercalating bulk materials in thermal polycondensation process and followed by liquid exfoliation in water.
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Direct Observation of Graphene Growth and Associated Copper Substrate Dynamics by in Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy
Zhu-Jun Wang,Gisela Weinberg,Qiang Zhang,Thomas Lunkenbein,Achim Klein-Hoffmann,M. Kurnatowska,Milivoj Plodinec,Qing Li,Lifeng Chi,Robert Schloegl,Marc Georg Willinger +10 more
TL;DR: Graphene growth inside the chamber of a modified environmental scanning electron microscope under relevant low-pressure CVD conditions allows visualizing structural dynamics of the active catalyst simultaneously with graphene nucleation and growth in an unparalleled way.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electronic properties of graphene: a perspective from scanning tunneling microscopy and magneto-transport
Eva Y. Andrei,Guohong Li,Xu Du +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review covers recent experimental progress in probing the electronic properties of graphene and how they are influenced by various substrates, by the presence of a magnetic field and by the proximity to a superconductor.
Journal ArticleDOI
Few-Layer MoS2 Flakes as Active Buffer Layer for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Andrea Capasso,Fabio Matteocci,Leyla Najafi,Leyla Najafi,Mirko Prato,Joka Buha,Lucio Cinà,Vittorio Pellegrini,Aldo Di Carlo,Francesco Bonaccorso +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, MoS2 flakes are exploited as an active buffer layer in hybrid lead-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to prevent the formation of shunt contacts.
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Carbon Nanomaterials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications: A Bright Future
TL;DR: In this article, the progress on the utilisation of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and their nanocomposites is reviewed as highly prospective materials to replace transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layers and counter electrodes in DSSCs.
References
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Andrea C. Ferrari,Jannik C. Meyer,Vittorio Scardaci,Cinzia Casiraghi,Michele Lazzeri,Francesco Mauri,S. Piscanec,Da Jiang,K. S. Novoselov,S. Roth,A. K. Geim +10 more
TL;DR: This work shows that graphene's electronic structure is captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with the number of layers, and allows unambiguous, high-throughput, nondestructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide
Sasha Stankovich,Dmitriy A. Dikin,Richard D. Piner,Kevin A. Kohlhaas,Alfred Kleinhammes,Yuanyuan Jia,Yue Wu,SonBinh T. Nguyen,Rodney S. Ruoff +8 more
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