High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite
Yenny Hernandez,Valeria Nicolosi,Mustafa Lotya,Fiona M. Blighe,Zhenyu Sun,Sukanta De,I.T. McGovern,Brendan Holland,Michele T. Byrne,Yurii K. Gun'ko,John J. Boland,Peter Niraj,Georg S. Duesberg,Satheesh Krishnamurthy,Robbie Goodhue,John L. Hutchison,Vittorio Scardaci,Andrea C. Ferrari,Jonathan N. Coleman +18 more
TLDR
Graphene dispersions with concentrations up to approximately 0.01 mg ml(-1), produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone are demonstrated.Abstract:
Fully exploiting the properties of graphene will require a method for the mass production of this remarkable material. Two main routes are possible: large-scale growth or large-scale exfoliation. Here, we demonstrate graphene dispersions with concentrations up to approximately 0.01 mg ml(-1), produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone. This is possible because the energy required to exfoliate graphene is balanced by the solvent-graphene interaction for solvents whose surface energies match that of graphene. We confirm the presence of individual graphene sheets by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Our method results in a monolayer yield of approximately 1 wt%, which could potentially be improved to 7-12 wt% with further processing. The absence of defects or oxides is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. We are able to produce semi-transparent conducting films and conducting composites. Solution processing of graphene opens up a range of potential large-area applications, from device and sensor fabrication to liquid-phase chemistry.read more
Citations
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Growth of large-area single- and Bi-layer graphene by controlled carbon precipitation on polycrystalline Ni surfaces
Alfonso Reina,Stefan Thiele,Xiaoting Jia,Sreekar Bhaviripudi,Mildred S. Dresselhaus,Juergen A. Schaefer,Jing Kong +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the surface of polycrystalline Ni thin films during atmospheric chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is controlled by controlling both the methane concentration during CVD and the substrate cooling rate during graphene growth to improve the thickness uniformity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon materials for Li–S batteries: Functional evolution and performance improvement
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the evolution of the functionality of carbon materials with the development of Li-S batteries and summarize the scientific understandings of the fundamental design of the materials in relation to the battery performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Graphene Dispersion and Exfoliation in Low Boiling Point Solvents
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the exfoliation of graphene at relatively high concentration in low boiling point solvents such as chloroform and isopropanol, achieving concentrations of up to 0.5 mg/mL.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reliable Exfoliation of Large-Area High-Quality Flakes of Graphene and Other Two-Dimensional Materials
Yuan Huang,Eli Sutter,Norman Nan Shi,Jiabao Zheng,Tianzhong Yang,Dirk Englund,Hong-Jun Gao,Peter Sutter +7 more
TL;DR: A modified approach for exfoliating thin monolayer and few-layer flakes from layered crystals, suggesting that this modified exfoliation method provides an effective way for producing large area, high-quality flakes of a wide range of 2D materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stable Aqueous Dispersions of Noncovalently Functionalized Graphene from Graphite and their Multifunctional High-Performance Applications
Xiaohong An,Trevor J. Simmons,Rakesh Shah,Christopher Wolfe,Kim M. Lewis,Morris Washington,Saroj K. Nayak,Saikat Talapatra,Swastik Kar +8 more
TL;DR: A scalable and facile technique for noncovalent functionalization of graphene with 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid that exfoliates single-, few-, and multilayered graphene flakes into stable aqueous dispersions is presented.
References
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Andrea C. Ferrari,Jannik C. Meyer,Vittorio Scardaci,Cinzia Casiraghi,Michele Lazzeri,Francesco Mauri,S. Piscanec,Da Jiang,K. S. Novoselov,S. Roth,A. K. Geim +10 more
TL;DR: This work shows that graphene's electronic structure is captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with the number of layers, and allows unambiguous, high-throughput, nondestructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area.
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Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide
Sasha Stankovich,Dmitriy A. Dikin,Richard D. Piner,Kevin A. Kohlhaas,Alfred Kleinhammes,Yuanyuan Jia,Yue Wu,SonBinh T. Nguyen,Rodney S. Ruoff +8 more
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