High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite
Yenny Hernandez,Valeria Nicolosi,Mustafa Lotya,Fiona M. Blighe,Zhenyu Sun,Sukanta De,I.T. McGovern,Brendan Holland,Michele T. Byrne,Yurii K. Gun'ko,John J. Boland,Peter Niraj,Georg S. Duesberg,Satheesh Krishnamurthy,Robbie Goodhue,John L. Hutchison,Vittorio Scardaci,Andrea C. Ferrari,Jonathan N. Coleman +18 more
TLDR
Graphene dispersions with concentrations up to approximately 0.01 mg ml(-1), produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone are demonstrated.Abstract:
Fully exploiting the properties of graphene will require a method for the mass production of this remarkable material. Two main routes are possible: large-scale growth or large-scale exfoliation. Here, we demonstrate graphene dispersions with concentrations up to approximately 0.01 mg ml(-1), produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone. This is possible because the energy required to exfoliate graphene is balanced by the solvent-graphene interaction for solvents whose surface energies match that of graphene. We confirm the presence of individual graphene sheets by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Our method results in a monolayer yield of approximately 1 wt%, which could potentially be improved to 7-12 wt% with further processing. The absence of defects or oxides is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. We are able to produce semi-transparent conducting films and conducting composites. Solution processing of graphene opens up a range of potential large-area applications, from device and sensor fabrication to liquid-phase chemistry.read more
Citations
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Preparation of Few-Layer Bismuth Selenide by Liquid-Phase-Exfoliation and Its Optical Absorption Properties
TL;DR: The liquid-phase exfoliation method used to prepare few-layer Bi2Se3 in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or chitosan acetic solution demonstrates an interesting absorption in the visible light region, which may excite a potential applications in laser photonics and optoelectronic devices.
Journal ArticleDOI
Towards low temperature thermal exfoliation of graphite oxide for graphene production
TL;DR: In this article, a mild exfoliation of graphite oxide (GO) at a far lower temperature than the predicted minimum temperature, has been demonstrated by introducing a high vacuum to exert an outward drawing force which helps effective exfolation of the stacked graphene layers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanoscale insight into the exfoliation mechanism of graphene with organic dyes: effect of charge, dipole and molecular structure
Andrea Schlierf,Huafeng Yang,Elias Gebremedhn,Emanuele Treossi,Luca Ortolani,Liping Chen,Andrea Minoia,Vittorio Morandi,Paolo Samorì,Cinzia Casiraghi,David Beljonne,Vincenzo Palermo +11 more
TL;DR: An unambiguous correlation is found between the graphene-dye interaction energy, the molecular structure and the amount of graphene flakes solubilized and that the molecular dipole is not important per se, but because it facilitates adsorption on graphene by a "sliding" mechanism of the molecule into the solvent layer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Continuous electrochemical exfoliation of micrometer-sized graphene using synergistic ion intercalations and organic solvents
TL;DR: A novel top-down electrochemical method is demonstrated to prepare gram quantities of few-layer graphene in a single-step, one-pot process, presenting a potentially scalable approach for few- layer graphene production.
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Polyaniline-Grafted Graphene Hybrid with Amide Groups and Its Use in Supercapacitors
TL;DR: In this paper, an approach to graft polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers onto graphene to acquire a polyanileine-graphene hybrid connected by amide groups is described.
References
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TL;DR: Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments.
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Andrea C. Ferrari,Jannik C. Meyer,Vittorio Scardaci,Cinzia Casiraghi,Michele Lazzeri,Francesco Mauri,S. Piscanec,Da Jiang,K. S. Novoselov,S. Roth,A. K. Geim +10 more
TL;DR: This work shows that graphene's electronic structure is captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with the number of layers, and allows unambiguous, high-throughput, nondestructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area.
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Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide
Sasha Stankovich,Dmitriy A. Dikin,Richard D. Piner,Kevin A. Kohlhaas,Alfred Kleinhammes,Yuanyuan Jia,Yue Wu,SonBinh T. Nguyen,Rodney S. Ruoff +8 more
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