High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite
Yenny Hernandez,Valeria Nicolosi,Mustafa Lotya,Fiona M. Blighe,Zhenyu Sun,Sukanta De,I.T. McGovern,Brendan Holland,Michele T. Byrne,Yurii K. Gun'ko,John J. Boland,Peter Niraj,Georg S. Duesberg,Satheesh Krishnamurthy,Robbie Goodhue,John L. Hutchison,Vittorio Scardaci,Andrea C. Ferrari,Jonathan N. Coleman +18 more
TLDR
Graphene dispersions with concentrations up to approximately 0.01 mg ml(-1), produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone are demonstrated.Abstract:
Fully exploiting the properties of graphene will require a method for the mass production of this remarkable material. Two main routes are possible: large-scale growth or large-scale exfoliation. Here, we demonstrate graphene dispersions with concentrations up to approximately 0.01 mg ml(-1), produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone. This is possible because the energy required to exfoliate graphene is balanced by the solvent-graphene interaction for solvents whose surface energies match that of graphene. We confirm the presence of individual graphene sheets by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Our method results in a monolayer yield of approximately 1 wt%, which could potentially be improved to 7-12 wt% with further processing. The absence of defects or oxides is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. We are able to produce semi-transparent conducting films and conducting composites. Solution processing of graphene opens up a range of potential large-area applications, from device and sensor fabrication to liquid-phase chemistry.read more
Citations
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Targeted Synthesis of 2H- and 1T-Phase MoS2 Monolayers for Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution.
Kun Chang,Xiao Hai,Xiao Hai,Hong Pang,Hong Pang,Huabin Zhang,Li Shi,Li Shi,Guigao Liu,Guigao Liu,Huimin Liu,Guixia Zhao,Mu Li,Mu Li,Jinhua Ye +14 more
TL;DR: Through a facile and effective strategy by employing lithium molten salts the controlled synthesis of 2H- and 1T-MoS2 monolayers with high-yield production is achieved, which deliver respective advantages in the field of electro- and photo-catalytic hydrogen evolution.
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Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene as Solution-Processable, Highly Conductive Electrodes for Organic Electronics
Khaled Parvez,Rongjin Li,Sreenivasa Reddy Puniredd,Yenny Hernandez,Felix Hinkel,Suhao Wang,Xinliang Feng,Klaus Müllen +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that electrochemical exfoliation of graphite furnishes graphene sheets of high quality and that the patterned EG can serve as high-performance source/drain electrodes for organic field-effect transistors.
Journal ArticleDOI
A decade of graphene research: Production, applications and outlook
TL;DR: Graphene research has accelerated exponentially since 2004 when graphene was isolated and characterized for the first time utilizing the ‘Scotch Tape’ method by Geim and Novoselov and given the reports of unique electronic properties that followed.
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Graphene-based electrochemical energy conversion and storage: fuel cells, supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries.
TL;DR: The methods of graphene preparation are reviewed, the unique electrochemical behavior of graphene is introduced, and promising areas are identified for the future development of graphene-based materials in electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems.
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Levulinic Acid Biorefineries: New Challenges for Efficient Utilization of Biomass
TL;DR: This article focuses on the catalytic upgrading of levulinic Acid into various chemicals such as levulinate esters, δ-aminolevulinic acid, succinic acid, diphenolic acid, γ-valerolactone, and γ -valerlactone derivatives such as valeric esters and 5-nonanone.
References
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Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
Kostya S. Novoselov,Andre K. Geim,Sergey V. Morozov,Da Jiang,Y. Zhang,S. V. Dubonos,Irina V. Grigorieva,A. A. Firsov +7 more
TL;DR: Monocrystalline graphitic films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect.
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The rise of graphene
TL;DR: Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments.
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Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene
Kostya S. Novoselov,A. K. Geim,Sergey V. Morozov,Da Jiang,Mikhail I. Katsnelson,Irina V. Grigorieva,S. V. Dubonos,A. A. Firsov +7 more
TL;DR: This study reports an experimental study of a condensed-matter system (graphene, a single atomic layer of carbon) in which electron transport is essentially governed by Dirac's (relativistic) equation and reveals a variety of unusual phenomena that are characteristic of two-dimensional Dirac fermions.
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Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers.
Andrea C. Ferrari,Jannik C. Meyer,Vittorio Scardaci,Cinzia Casiraghi,Michele Lazzeri,Francesco Mauri,S. Piscanec,Da Jiang,K. S. Novoselov,S. Roth,A. K. Geim +10 more
TL;DR: This work shows that graphene's electronic structure is captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with the number of layers, and allows unambiguous, high-throughput, nondestructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area.
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Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide
Sasha Stankovich,Dmitriy A. Dikin,Richard D. Piner,Kevin A. Kohlhaas,Alfred Kleinhammes,Yuanyuan Jia,Yue Wu,SonBinh T. Nguyen,Rodney S. Ruoff +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a colloidal suspension of exfoliated graphene oxide sheets in water with hydrazine hydrate results in their aggregation and subsequent formation of a high surface area carbon material which consists of thin graphene-based sheets.