High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite
Yenny Hernandez,Valeria Nicolosi,Mustafa Lotya,Fiona M. Blighe,Zhenyu Sun,Sukanta De,I.T. McGovern,Brendan Holland,Michele T. Byrne,Yurii K. Gun'ko,John J. Boland,Peter Niraj,Georg S. Duesberg,Satheesh Krishnamurthy,Robbie Goodhue,John L. Hutchison,Vittorio Scardaci,Andrea C. Ferrari,Jonathan N. Coleman +18 more
TLDR
Graphene dispersions with concentrations up to approximately 0.01 mg ml(-1), produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone are demonstrated.Abstract:
Fully exploiting the properties of graphene will require a method for the mass production of this remarkable material. Two main routes are possible: large-scale growth or large-scale exfoliation. Here, we demonstrate graphene dispersions with concentrations up to approximately 0.01 mg ml(-1), produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone. This is possible because the energy required to exfoliate graphene is balanced by the solvent-graphene interaction for solvents whose surface energies match that of graphene. We confirm the presence of individual graphene sheets by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Our method results in a monolayer yield of approximately 1 wt%, which could potentially be improved to 7-12 wt% with further processing. The absence of defects or oxides is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. We are able to produce semi-transparent conducting films and conducting composites. Solution processing of graphene opens up a range of potential large-area applications, from device and sensor fabrication to liquid-phase chemistry.read more
Citations
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Recent advances in chemical modifications of graphene
TL;DR: Graphene has attracted the interest of chemists, physicists, and materials scientists due to its extraordinary structural, mechanical, and electronic properties as mentioned in this paper, and several chemical and physical functionalization methods have been explored to improve the stabilization and modification of graphene.
Journal ArticleDOI
A novel strategy for making soluble reduced graphene oxide sheets cheaply by adopting an endogenous reducing agent
TL;DR: In this article, a facile and efficient strategy for the fabrication of soluble reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets is described, which is based on the reduction of graphene oxide by an endogenous reducing agent from a most widely used and cost-effective solvent, without adding any other toxic reducing agent.
Patent
Large-area single- and few-layer graphene on arbitrary substrates
TL;DR: In this paper, a film of single-layer to few-layer graphene is formed by depositing a graphene film via chemical vapor deposition on a surface of a growth substrate, where the surface on which the graphene is deposited can be a polycrystalline nickel film, which is deposited by evaporation on a SiO 2 /Si substrate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scalable Holey Graphene Synthesis and Dense Electrode Fabrication toward High-Performance Ultracapacitors
Xiaogang Han,Michael R. Funk,Michael R. Funk,Fei Shen,Yu-Chen Chen,Yuanyuan Li,Caroline J. Campbell,Jiaqi Dai,Xiaofeng Yang,Jae-Woo Kim,Yunlong Liao,Yunlong Liao,John W. Connell,Veronica Barone,Zhongfang Chen,Yi Lin,Yi Lin,Liangbing Hu +17 more
TL;DR: A scalable one-step synthesis method of holey graphene (h-Graphene) in a single step without using any catalysts or special chemicals is reported, which shows a remarkably improved volumetric capacitance with about 700% increase compared to that of regular graphene electrodes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brownian motion of graphene
Onofrio M. Maragò,Francesco Bonaccorso,Rosalba Saija,G. Privitera,Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi,Maria Antonia Iatì,Giuseppe Calogero,Philip H. Jones,Ferdinando Borghese,Paolo Denti,Valeria Nicolosi,Andrea C. Ferrari +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the consequences of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in two dimensions, by studying the Brownian motion of optically trapped graphene flakes, have been investigated.
References
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Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
Kostya S. Novoselov,Andre K. Geim,Sergey V. Morozov,Da Jiang,Y. Zhang,S. V. Dubonos,Irina V. Grigorieva,A. A. Firsov +7 more
TL;DR: Monocrystalline graphitic films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect.
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The rise of graphene
TL;DR: Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments.
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Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene
Kostya S. Novoselov,A. K. Geim,Sergey V. Morozov,Da Jiang,Mikhail I. Katsnelson,Irina V. Grigorieva,S. V. Dubonos,A. A. Firsov +7 more
TL;DR: This study reports an experimental study of a condensed-matter system (graphene, a single atomic layer of carbon) in which electron transport is essentially governed by Dirac's (relativistic) equation and reveals a variety of unusual phenomena that are characteristic of two-dimensional Dirac fermions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers.
Andrea C. Ferrari,Jannik C. Meyer,Vittorio Scardaci,Cinzia Casiraghi,Michele Lazzeri,Francesco Mauri,S. Piscanec,Da Jiang,K. S. Novoselov,S. Roth,A. K. Geim +10 more
TL;DR: This work shows that graphene's electronic structure is captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with the number of layers, and allows unambiguous, high-throughput, nondestructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide
Sasha Stankovich,Dmitriy A. Dikin,Richard D. Piner,Kevin A. Kohlhaas,Alfred Kleinhammes,Yuanyuan Jia,Yue Wu,SonBinh T. Nguyen,Rodney S. Ruoff +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a colloidal suspension of exfoliated graphene oxide sheets in water with hydrazine hydrate results in their aggregation and subsequent formation of a high surface area carbon material which consists of thin graphene-based sheets.