High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite
Yenny Hernandez,Valeria Nicolosi,Mustafa Lotya,Fiona M. Blighe,Zhenyu Sun,Sukanta De,I.T. McGovern,Brendan Holland,Michele T. Byrne,Yurii K. Gun'ko,John J. Boland,Peter Niraj,Georg S. Duesberg,Satheesh Krishnamurthy,Robbie Goodhue,John L. Hutchison,Vittorio Scardaci,Andrea C. Ferrari,Jonathan N. Coleman +18 more
TLDR
Graphene dispersions with concentrations up to approximately 0.01 mg ml(-1), produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone are demonstrated.Abstract:
Fully exploiting the properties of graphene will require a method for the mass production of this remarkable material. Two main routes are possible: large-scale growth or large-scale exfoliation. Here, we demonstrate graphene dispersions with concentrations up to approximately 0.01 mg ml(-1), produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone. This is possible because the energy required to exfoliate graphene is balanced by the solvent-graphene interaction for solvents whose surface energies match that of graphene. We confirm the presence of individual graphene sheets by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Our method results in a monolayer yield of approximately 1 wt%, which could potentially be improved to 7-12 wt% with further processing. The absence of defects or oxides is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. We are able to produce semi-transparent conducting films and conducting composites. Solution processing of graphene opens up a range of potential large-area applications, from device and sensor fabrication to liquid-phase chemistry.read more
Citations
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Unconventional layer-by-layer assembly of graphene multilayer films for enzyme-based glucose and maltose biosensing.
TL;DR: LbL assembly of graphene combines the excellent electrochemical properties of graphene and the versatility of LbLAssembly, showing great promise in highly efficient sensors and advanced biosensing systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial reduction of graphene oxide by Escherichia coli: a green chemistry approach.
TL;DR: An environment friendly, cost effective, simple method and green approaches for the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using Escherichia coli biomass is developed using E. coli biomass to produce water dispersible graphene.
Journal ArticleDOI
A simple method for graphene production based on exfoliation of graphite in water using 1-pyrenesulfonic acid sodium salt
Huafeng Yang,Yenny Hernandez,Andrea Schlierf,Alexandre Felten,Axel Eckmann,S. Johal,Pierre Louette,Jean-Jacques Pireaux,Xinliang Feng,Klaus Müllen,Vincenzo Palermo,Cinzia Casiraghi +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a chemical approach based on supra-molecular and non-covalent interactions between graphene and 1-pyrenesulfonic acid sodium salt (Py-1SO3) was used to obtain a stable dispersion of graphene by using only water as solvent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exfoliation of Non-Oxidized Graphene Flakes for Scalable Conductive Film
Kwang Hyun Park,Bo Hyun Kim,Sung Ho Song,Jiyoung Kwon,Byung Seon Kong,Kisuk Kang,Seokwoo Jeon +6 more
TL;DR: The overall results suggest that the intercalation based exfoliation method can be a scalable (>1 g/batch) and economical route for the synthesis of nonoxidized graphene flakes.
Journal ArticleDOI
3D graphene nanomaterials for binder-free supercapacitors: scientific design for enhanced performance
Shuijian He,Wei Chen +1 more
TL;DR: The recent progress in the assembly of binder-free and self-standing graphene-based materials, as well as their application in supercapacitors are reviewed, including electrical double layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors, and asymmetric super capacitors.
References
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The rise of graphene
TL;DR: Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments.
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Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene
Kostya S. Novoselov,A. K. Geim,Sergey V. Morozov,Da Jiang,Mikhail I. Katsnelson,Irina V. Grigorieva,S. V. Dubonos,A. A. Firsov +7 more
TL;DR: This study reports an experimental study of a condensed-matter system (graphene, a single atomic layer of carbon) in which electron transport is essentially governed by Dirac's (relativistic) equation and reveals a variety of unusual phenomena that are characteristic of two-dimensional Dirac fermions.
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Andrea C. Ferrari,Jannik C. Meyer,Vittorio Scardaci,Cinzia Casiraghi,Michele Lazzeri,Francesco Mauri,S. Piscanec,Da Jiang,K. S. Novoselov,S. Roth,A. K. Geim +10 more
TL;DR: This work shows that graphene's electronic structure is captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with the number of layers, and allows unambiguous, high-throughput, nondestructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area.
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Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide
Sasha Stankovich,Dmitriy A. Dikin,Richard D. Piner,Kevin A. Kohlhaas,Alfred Kleinhammes,Yuanyuan Jia,Yue Wu,SonBinh T. Nguyen,Rodney S. Ruoff +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a colloidal suspension of exfoliated graphene oxide sheets in water with hydrazine hydrate results in their aggregation and subsequent formation of a high surface area carbon material which consists of thin graphene-based sheets.