Interactions between the microbiota, immune and nervous systems in health and disease
TLDR
The role of CNS-resident and peripheral immune pathways in microbiota–gut–brain communication during health and neurological disease is discussed.Abstract:
The diverse collection of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, collectively called the gut microbiota, profoundly influences many aspects of host physiology, including nutrient metabolism, resistance to infection and immune system development. Studies investigating the gut-brain axis demonstrate a critical role for the gut microbiota in orchestrating brain development and behavior, and the immune system is emerging as an important regulator of these interactions. Intestinal microbes modulate the maturation and function of tissue-resident immune cells in the CNS. Microbes also influence the activation of peripheral immune cells, which regulate responses to neuroinflammation, brain injury, autoimmunity and neurogenesis. Accordingly, both the gut microbiota and immune system are implicated in the etiopathogenesis or manifestation of neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, such as autism spectrum disorder, depression and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss the role of CNS-resident and peripheral immune pathways in microbiota-gut-brain communication during health and neurological disease.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer's disease.
Nicholas M. Vogt,Robert L. Kerby,Kimberly A. Dill-McFarland,Sandra Harding,Andrew P. Merluzzi,Sterling C. Johnson,Cynthia M. Carlsson,Sanjay Asthana,Henrik Zetterberg,Kaj Blennow,Kaj Blennow,Barbara B. Bendlin,Federico E. Rey +12 more
TL;DR: The gut microbiome of AD participants has decreased microbial diversity and is compositionally distinct from control age- and sex-matched individuals, which adds AD to the growing list of diseases associated with gut microbial alterations, as well as suggest that gut bacterial communities may be a target for therapeutic intervention.
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The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication
TL;DR: How the development of future treatments for central nervous system (CNS) disorders can take advantage of the intimate and mutual interactions of the gut microbiota with the brain by exploring the role of SCFAs in the regulation of neuro-immunoendocrine function is highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurotransmitter Modulation by the Gut Microbiota
TL;DR: A new route of communication along the gut-brain-axis is identified including those driven by the immune system, the vagus nerve, or by modulation of neuroactive compounds by the microbiota, and accompanying data are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis.
TL;DR: A systems biological model is proposed that posits circular communication loops amid the brain, gut, and gut microbiome, and in which perturbation at any level can propagate dysregulation throughout the circuit.
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From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites
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