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Journal ArticleDOI

Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins

TLDR
A previously unrecognized direct signal transduction pathway to the nucleus has been uncovered: IFN-receptor interaction at the cell surface leads to the activation of kinases of the Jak family that phosphorylate substrate proteins called STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription).
Abstract
Through the study of transcriptional activation in response to interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), a previously unrecognized direct signal transduction pathway to the nucleus has been uncovered: IFN-receptor interaction at the cell surface leads to the activation of kinases of the Jak family that then phosphorylate substrate proteins called STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription). The phosphorylated STAT proteins move to the nucleus, bind specific DNA elements, and direct transcription. Recognition of the molecules involved in the IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma pathway has led to discoveries that a number of STAT family members exist and that other polypeptide ligands also use the Jak-STAT molecules in signal transduction.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Stat3 Activation Is Required for Cellular Transformation by v-src

TL;DR: It is concluded that Stat3 has a necessary role in v- src transformation and wild-type Stat3 enhances the transforming potential of v-src while three dominant negative Stat3 mutants inhibit v-srctransformation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Interferon signaling and treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C

TL;DR: The concept that activation of the endogenous IFN system in CHC not only is ineffective in clearing the infection but also may impede the response to therapy, most likely by inducing a refractory state of the IFN signaling pathway, is supported.
Journal ArticleDOI

The interleukin 12 p40 gene promoter is primed by interferon gamma in monocytic cells.

TL;DR: It is shown here that IFN-gamma enhances IL-12 production mostly by priming phagocytic cells for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced transcription of the IL- 12 p40 gene, which encodes the heavy chain of theIL-12 heterodimer, which represents an important amplifying mechanism in the inflammatory response to infections.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cytokines and the hepatic acute-phase response.

TL;DR: Attention is payed to the differences recently detected between the locally and systemically induced acute-phase response--in particular, the newest findings concerning the meaning of single cytokines.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Stimulation of 3T3 cells induces transcription of the c- fos proto-oncogene

TL;DR: Transcription of the c-fos proto-oncogene is greatly increased within minutes of administering purified growth factors to quiescent 3T3 cells, and this stimulation is the most rapid transcriptional response to peptide growth factors yet described, implying a role for c- fos in cell-cycle control.
Journal ArticleDOI

Equilibria and kinetics of lac repressor-operator interactions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

TL;DR: Gel electrophoresis in studies of equilibrium binding, site distribution, and kinetics of protein-DNA interactions found that binding to the so-called third operator site (03) is 15-18 fold weaker than operator binding, and that the binding reactions with the first and third operators are uncoupled, implying that there is no communication between the sites.
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Stat3: a STAT family member activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to epidermal growth factor and interleukin-6

TL;DR: A new family member, Stat3, becomes activated through phosphorylation on tyrosine as a DNA binding protein in response to epidermal growth factor and interleukin-6 but not interferon gamma (IFN-gamma).
Journal ArticleDOI

SH2 and SH3 Domains: Elements that Control Interactions of Cytoplasmic Signaling Proteins

TL;DR: Observations suggest that SH2 and SH3 domains participate in the control of intracellular responses to growth factor stimulation.
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A gel electrophoresis method for quantifying the binding of proteins to specific DNA regions: application to components of the Escherichia coli lactose operon regulatory system

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that even when pre-formed in the presence of CAP-cAMP, the polymerase-promoter open complex becomes unstable if CAP is then selectively removed, and this gel method is applied to the study of the E. coli lactose operon regulatory system.
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