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Journal ArticleDOI

Large-Scale Identification, Mapping, and Genotyping of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Human Genome

TLDR
A large-scale survey for SNPs was examined by a combination of gel-based sequencing and high-density variation-detection DNA chips, and a genetic map was constructed showing the location of 2227 candidate SNPs.
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most frequent type of variation in the human genome, and they provide powerful tools for a variety of medical genetic studies. In a large-scale survey for SNPs, 2.3 megabases of human genomic DNA was examined by a combination of gel-based sequencing and high-density variation-detection DNA chips. A total of 3241 candidate SNPs were identified. A genetic map was constructed showing the location of 2227 of these SNPs. Prototype genotyping chips were developed that allow simultaneous genotyping of 500 SNPs. The results provide a characterization of human diversity at the nucleotide level and demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale identification of human SNPs.

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Patent

Detection of nucleic acid reactions on bead arrays

TL;DR: In this paper, the use of microsphere arrays to detect and quantify a number of nucleic acid reactions has been proposed, such as nucleotide substitutions (mismatches) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Journal ArticleDOI

Multiplexed SNP genotyping using the Qbead™ system: a quantum dot‐encoded microsphere‐based assay

TL;DR: The Qbead system was validated as an accurate and reliable technique for multiplexed SNP genotyping and has the potential to be a robust and cost-effective platform for a number of applications.
Journal ArticleDOI

Human genome sequence variation and the influence of gene history, mutation and recombination.

TL;DR: The results are best explained by extreme variability in the recombination rate at a fine scale, and provide the first empirical evidence that such recombination 'hot spots' are a general feature of the human genome and have a principal role in shaping genetic variation in the human population.
Reference EntryDOI

Overview of DNA microarrays: types, applications, and their future.

TL;DR: An overview of DNA microarrays can be found in this article, where the authors discuss the history of microarray and the antecedent technologies that led to their development and discuss the most common biological applications.
Journal ArticleDOI

Functional genomics

TL;DR: Complete genome sequences are providing a framework to allow the investigation of biological processes by the use of comprehensive approaches and are having a dramatic impact on medicine through its identification of genes and mutations involved in disease and the elucidation of entire microbial gene sets.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Light-generated oligonucleotide arrays for rapid DNA sequence analysis

TL;DR: It is reported here how modern photolithographic techniques can be used to facilitate sequence analysis by generating miniaturized arrays of densely packed oligonucleotide probes, which can then be applied to parallel DNA hybridization analysis, directly yielding sequence information.
Journal ArticleDOI

Extensive polymorphisms observed in HIV–1 clade B protease gene using high–density oligonucleotide arrays

TL;DR: In the first clinical application of high–density oligonucleotide arraysequencing, the sequences of 167 viral isolates from 102 patients have been determined and the DNA sequence of USA HIV–1 clade B proteases was found to be extremely variable.
Journal ArticleDOI

Detection of heterozygous mutations in BRCA1 using high density oligonucleotide arrays and two-colour fluorescence analysis.

TL;DR: Fourteen of fifteen patient samples with known mutations were accurately diagnosed, and no false positive mutations were identified in 20 control samples, suggesting DNA chip–based assays may provide a valuable new technology for high–throughput cost–efficient detection of genetic alterations.
Journal ArticleDOI

The use of a genetic map of biallelic markers in linkage studies

TL;DR: How polymorphic and densely spaced biallelic markers need to be for extraction of most of the inheritance information from human pedigrees is examined, and a map of 700–900 moderately polymorphic bialLElic markers is concluded to be equivalent to the current 300–400 microsatellite marker sets.
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