Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review
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TLDR
The state-of-the-art of additive manufacturing (AM) can be classified into three categories: direct digital manufacturing, free-form fabrication, or 3D printing as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of an important, rapidly emerging, manufacturing technology that is alternatively called additive manufacturing (AM), direct digital manufacturing, free form fabrication, or 3D printing, etc. A broad contextual overview of metallic AM is provided. AM has the potential to revolutionize the global parts manufacturing and logistics landscape. It enables distributed manufacturing and the productions of parts-on-demand while offering the potential to reduce cost, energy consumption, and carbon footprint. This paper explores the material science, processes, and business consideration associated with achieving these performance gains. It is concluded that a paradigm shift is required in order to fully exploit AM potential.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Additive manufacturing of metallic components – Process, structure and properties
Tarasankar Debroy,Huiliang Wei,J.S. Zuback,T. Mukherjee,John W. Elmer,John O. Milewski,Allison M. Beese,Alexander E. Wilson-Heid,Amitava De,Wei Zhang +9 more
TL;DR: A review of the emerging research on additive manufacturing of metallic materials is provided in this article, which provides a comprehensive overview of the physical processes and the underlying science of metallurgical structure and properties of the deposited parts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Additive manufacturing of metals
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the complex relationship between additive manufacturing processes, microstructure and resulting properties for metals, and typical microstructures for additively manufactured steel, aluminium and titanium are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing
TL;DR: In this article, a review of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for producing metal parts are explored, with a focus on the science of metal AM: processing defects, heat transfer, solidification, solid-state precipitation, mechanical properties and post-processing metallurgy.
Journal ArticleDOI
3D printing of high-strength aluminium alloys
John H. Martin,Brennan Yahata,Jacob M. Hundley,Justin Mayer,Tobias A. Schaedler,Tresa M. Pollock +5 more
TL;DR: The approach to metal-based additive manufacturing is applicable to a wide range of alloys and can be implemented using a range of additive machines, and provides a foundation for broad industrial applicability, including where electron-beam melting or directed-energy-deposition techniques are used instead of selective laser melting.
Journal ArticleDOI
Topological design and additive manufacturing of porous metals for bone scaffolds and orthopaedic implants: A review.
Xiaojian Wang,Shanqing Xu,Shiwei Zhou,Wei Xu,Martin Leary,Peter F. M. Choong,Ma Qian,Milan Brandt,Yi Min Xie +8 more
TL;DR: The state-of-the-art of topological design and manufacturing processes of various types of porous metals, in particular for titanium alloys, biodegradable metals and shape memory alloys are reviewed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Laser Additive Manufacturing
TL;DR: FANTASIA and TurPro as discussed by the authors are two major european and german funded projects, focusing on laser additive manufacturing techniques for turbo-engine applications, and they contribute to winning the global leadership of turbo engine manufacturers by developing new flexible and near-net-shape additive manufacturing chains and repair techniques based on Laser Metal Deposition (LMD).
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of process variables in laser-based direct metal solid freeform fabrication
Jack Beuth,Nathan W. Klingbeil +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a process map approach for modeling and understanding solidification-related phenomena in laser-based direct metal SFF processes, which provides nonlinear thermomechanical model results for key deposit characteristics over the full range of relevant process variables.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal Behavior and Microstructure Evolution during Laser Deposition with Laser-Engineered Net Shaping: Part II. Experimental Investigation and Discussion
TL;DR: The thermal behavior during laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) processing was numerically simulated using the alternate direction explicit finite difference method in Part I of this work as discussed by the authors.
Additive Manufacturing of Metals: A Review
TL;DR: A review of the commercially available and under development technologies for direct metal fabrication, possibilities, and an overall assessment of the state of the art is presented in this article, along with a perspective on future research opportunities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanical Properties of INCONEL 718 Parts Manufactured by Shaped Metal Deposition (SMD)
TL;DR: In this paper, the shape metal deposition (SMD) was used to produce dense, near net-shaped parts with columnar grains with fine dendritic microstructure, and the interdendritic boundaries were decorated by small Laves phase precipitates and by MC carbides.