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Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review

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TLDR
The state-of-the-art of additive manufacturing (AM) can be classified into three categories: direct digital manufacturing, free-form fabrication, or 3D printing as discussed by the authors.
Abstract
This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of an important, rapidly emerging, manufacturing technology that is alternatively called additive manufacturing (AM), direct digital manufacturing, free form fabrication, or 3D printing, etc. A broad contextual overview of metallic AM is provided. AM has the potential to revolutionize the global parts manufacturing and logistics landscape. It enables distributed manufacturing and the productions of parts-on-demand while offering the potential to reduce cost, energy consumption, and carbon footprint. This paper explores the material science, processes, and business consideration associated with achieving these performance gains. It is concluded that a paradigm shift is required in order to fully exploit AM potential.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Additive manufacturing of materials: Opportunities and challenges

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of interdisciplinary research involving robotics and automation, process control, multiscale characterization of microstructure and properties, and high-performance computational tools to address each of these challenges.
Journal ArticleDOI

In situ design of advanced titanium alloy with concentration modulations by additive manufacturing.

TL;DR: Additive manufacturing is a revolutionary technology that offers a different pathway for material processing and design as mentioned in this paper, however, innovations in either new materials or new processing technologies have not yet materialized.
Journal ArticleDOI

Grain refinement mechanisms in additively manufactured nano-functionalized aluminum

TL;DR: In this article, the Al-Ta system, in which Al3Ta intermetallic compounds are demonstrated to have substantial grain refining capacity, is shown to be reduced relative to pure aluminum by 1000X when tantalum is added at 1 vol%.
Journal ArticleDOI

Idle time selection for wire-arc additive manufacturing: A finite element-based technique

TL;DR: In this article, a finite element analysis of the thermal behavior of the workpiece is used to schedule the deposition of inter-layer idle times for wire-arc additive manufacturing process.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

As-Fabricated and Heat-Treated Microstructures of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the various types of microstructure of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy after post-fabrication heat treatments below or above the β transus.
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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V

TL;DR: In this paper, the macrostructure, microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy after WAAM deposition have been investigated, and the average yield and ultimate tensile strengths of the as-deposited material were found to be slightly lower than those for a forged Ti- 6Al 4V bar (MIL-T 9047), however, the ductility was similar and the mean fatigue life was significantly higher.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cost estimation for rapid manufacturing - laser sintering production for low to medium volumes:

TL;DR: In this article, a cost model for laser sintering is proposed, which leads to graph profiles that are typical for layer-by-layer manufacturing processes, and the evolution of cost models and the indirect cost significance in modern costing representation is shown.
Journal ArticleDOI

Environmental aspects of laser-based and conventional tool and die manufacturing

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated three case studies to reveal the extent to which DMD-based manufacturing of molds and dies can currently achieve reduced environmental emissions and energy consumption relative to conventional manufacturing pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI

The laser additive manufacture of Ti-6Al-4V

TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between LAM processing parameters and microstructure in as-deposited Ti-6Al-4V was investigated, and the results presented in this paper provide a first look at the relationships between the two parameters.
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