Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review
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TLDR
The state-of-the-art of additive manufacturing (AM) can be classified into three categories: direct digital manufacturing, free-form fabrication, or 3D printing as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of an important, rapidly emerging, manufacturing technology that is alternatively called additive manufacturing (AM), direct digital manufacturing, free form fabrication, or 3D printing, etc. A broad contextual overview of metallic AM is provided. AM has the potential to revolutionize the global parts manufacturing and logistics landscape. It enables distributed manufacturing and the productions of parts-on-demand while offering the potential to reduce cost, energy consumption, and carbon footprint. This paper explores the material science, processes, and business consideration associated with achieving these performance gains. It is concluded that a paradigm shift is required in order to fully exploit AM potential.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
Understanding Microstructure Evolution During Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Alloys Using Phase-Field Modeling
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-scale computational framework is proposed to understand the microstructure evolution process during additive manufacturing of metallic alloys and applied to Ti-6Al-4V alloys: (i) macroscopic finite element calculations for temperature distribution and thermal history; (ii) grainscale phase-field model for solidification and grain growth; (iii) sub-grain-scale phase field model for β→α β → α phase transformations.
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Topology optimization of 2D structures with nonlinearities using deep learning
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed convolutional neural network models to predict optimized designs for a given set of boundary conditions, loads, and optimization constraints for linear elastic structures with and without stress constraint.
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A printability index for linking slurry rheology to the geometrical attributes of 3D-printed components
TL;DR: In this paper, a 3D-CAD-based laser triangulation-based 3D scan was used to assess the external geometrical attributes of 3D printed components.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of the microstructure of a selective laser melting processed Al-50Si alloy: Effect of heat treatments
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of heat treatments on the microstructure and residual stress of selective laser melting processed Al-50Si alloy were investigated under temperatures ranging from 300 to 600°C for 2h with subsequent water quenching.
Journal ArticleDOI
Implications of lattice structures on economics and productivity of metal powder bed fusion
Iñigo Flores,Niklas Kretzschmar,Abdul Hadi Azman,Sergei Chekurov,David Bue Pedersen,Atanu Chaudhuri +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the value of DfAM in terms of unit cost and manufacturing time reduction for metal powder bed fusion (PBF) systems in high-throughput production and found that the size of the part and the lattice volume fraction are the most significant parameters that contribute to time and cost savings.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
As-Fabricated and Heat-Treated Microstructures of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the various types of microstructure of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy after post-fabrication heat treatments below or above the β transus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V
TL;DR: In this paper, the macrostructure, microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy after WAAM deposition have been investigated, and the average yield and ultimate tensile strengths of the as-deposited material were found to be slightly lower than those for a forged Ti- 6Al 4V bar (MIL-T 9047), however, the ductility was similar and the mean fatigue life was significantly higher.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cost estimation for rapid manufacturing - laser sintering production for low to medium volumes:
TL;DR: In this article, a cost model for laser sintering is proposed, which leads to graph profiles that are typical for layer-by-layer manufacturing processes, and the evolution of cost models and the indirect cost significance in modern costing representation is shown.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental aspects of laser-based and conventional tool and die manufacturing
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated three case studies to reveal the extent to which DMD-based manufacturing of molds and dies can currently achieve reduced environmental emissions and energy consumption relative to conventional manufacturing pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI
The laser additive manufacture of Ti-6Al-4V
P. A. Kobryn,S. L. Semiatin +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between LAM processing parameters and microstructure in as-deposited Ti-6Al-4V was investigated, and the results presented in this paper provide a first look at the relationships between the two parameters.