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Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review

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TLDR
The state-of-the-art of additive manufacturing (AM) can be classified into three categories: direct digital manufacturing, free-form fabrication, or 3D printing as discussed by the authors.
Abstract
This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of an important, rapidly emerging, manufacturing technology that is alternatively called additive manufacturing (AM), direct digital manufacturing, free form fabrication, or 3D printing, etc. A broad contextual overview of metallic AM is provided. AM has the potential to revolutionize the global parts manufacturing and logistics landscape. It enables distributed manufacturing and the productions of parts-on-demand while offering the potential to reduce cost, energy consumption, and carbon footprint. This paper explores the material science, processes, and business consideration associated with achieving these performance gains. It is concluded that a paradigm shift is required in order to fully exploit AM potential.

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Porous composite with negative thermal expansion obtained by photopolymer additive manufacturing

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a porous composite having planar negative thermal expansion by employing multi-material photopolymer additive manufacturing (AM), which was converted to a three-dimensional stereolithography (STL) model and assembled as a test piece.
Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of laser power on oxygen and nitrogen concentration of commercially pure titanium manufactured by selective laser melting

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the variation of mechanical properties and its causes with increasing the laser power in the fabrication of pure titanium by selective laser melting (SLM), which resulted in an increase of hardness and strength.
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A Review of Post-Processing Technologies in Additive Manufacturing

TL;DR: This work aims to document post-processing technologies and their applications concerning different AM processes and their integrations with AM process.
Journal ArticleDOI

Thermal Modeling of Temperature Distribution in Metal Additive Manufacturing Considering Effects of Build Layers, Latent Heat, and Temperature-Sensitivity of Material Properties

TL;DR: In this article, a physics-based analytical model is proposed in order to predict the temperature profile during metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes, by considering the effects of temperature history in each layer, temperature-sensitivity of material properties and latent heat.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

As-Fabricated and Heat-Treated Microstructures of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the various types of microstructure of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy after post-fabrication heat treatments below or above the β transus.
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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V

TL;DR: In this paper, the macrostructure, microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy after WAAM deposition have been investigated, and the average yield and ultimate tensile strengths of the as-deposited material were found to be slightly lower than those for a forged Ti- 6Al 4V bar (MIL-T 9047), however, the ductility was similar and the mean fatigue life was significantly higher.
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Cost estimation for rapid manufacturing - laser sintering production for low to medium volumes:

TL;DR: In this article, a cost model for laser sintering is proposed, which leads to graph profiles that are typical for layer-by-layer manufacturing processes, and the evolution of cost models and the indirect cost significance in modern costing representation is shown.
Journal ArticleDOI

Environmental aspects of laser-based and conventional tool and die manufacturing

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated three case studies to reveal the extent to which DMD-based manufacturing of molds and dies can currently achieve reduced environmental emissions and energy consumption relative to conventional manufacturing pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI

The laser additive manufacture of Ti-6Al-4V

TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between LAM processing parameters and microstructure in as-deposited Ti-6Al-4V was investigated, and the results presented in this paper provide a first look at the relationships between the two parameters.
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