Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review
TLDR
The state-of-the-art of additive manufacturing (AM) can be classified into three categories: direct digital manufacturing, free-form fabrication, or 3D printing as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of an important, rapidly emerging, manufacturing technology that is alternatively called additive manufacturing (AM), direct digital manufacturing, free form fabrication, or 3D printing, etc. A broad contextual overview of metallic AM is provided. AM has the potential to revolutionize the global parts manufacturing and logistics landscape. It enables distributed manufacturing and the productions of parts-on-demand while offering the potential to reduce cost, energy consumption, and carbon footprint. This paper explores the material science, processes, and business consideration associated with achieving these performance gains. It is concluded that a paradigm shift is required in order to fully exploit AM potential.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tailoring the thermal conductivity of the powder bed in Electron Beam Melting (EBM) Additive Manufacturing
TL;DR: This study sought to investigate to what extent the thermal conductivity of local regions in a titanium Ti-6Al-4V powder bed could be varied by imparting more energy from the beam, which was found to be more than doubled over the range of input energies explored.
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Research on High Layer Thickness Fabricated of 316L by Selective Laser Melting.
TL;DR: To improve efficiency, SLM fabrication with a high layer thickness and fine powder was systematically researched, and the void areas and hollow powders can be reduced by using fine powder.
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Status, comparison, and future of the representations of additive manufacturing data
TL;DR: An in-depth analysis of the existing representations of additive manufacturing data is provided, detailed comparisons among these representations are made, and a discussion about the main issues in AM data representation is carried out on the basis of the comparisons.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the multiphysics modeling challenges for metal additive manufacturing processes
John G. Michopoulos,Athanasios Iliopoulos,John C. Steuben,Andrew J. Birnbaum,Samuel G. Lambrakos +4 more
TL;DR: A methodology is introduced for identifying relevant M&S challenges of Additive Manufacturing Processes (AMP) control for tailoring functional component performance by design and two semantically reduced modeling approaches involving continuum abstractions for the computational domains are presented.
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Electron beam additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V: Evolution of powder morphology and part microstructure with powder reuse
S. Ghods,E. Schultz,C. Wisdom,R. Schur,Rishi Pahuja,A. Montelione,Dwayne Arola,Mamidala Ramulu +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the contribution of powder reuse to particle and part quality in EBM powder bed fusion of a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) over 30 build cycles (∼480h of build time) and powder reuse.
References
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As-Fabricated and Heat-Treated Microstructures of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the various types of microstructure of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy after post-fabrication heat treatments below or above the β transus.
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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V
TL;DR: In this paper, the macrostructure, microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy after WAAM deposition have been investigated, and the average yield and ultimate tensile strengths of the as-deposited material were found to be slightly lower than those for a forged Ti- 6Al 4V bar (MIL-T 9047), however, the ductility was similar and the mean fatigue life was significantly higher.
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Cost estimation for rapid manufacturing - laser sintering production for low to medium volumes:
TL;DR: In this article, a cost model for laser sintering is proposed, which leads to graph profiles that are typical for layer-by-layer manufacturing processes, and the evolution of cost models and the indirect cost significance in modern costing representation is shown.
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Environmental aspects of laser-based and conventional tool and die manufacturing
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated three case studies to reveal the extent to which DMD-based manufacturing of molds and dies can currently achieve reduced environmental emissions and energy consumption relative to conventional manufacturing pathways.
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The laser additive manufacture of Ti-6Al-4V
P. A. Kobryn,S. L. Semiatin +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between LAM processing parameters and microstructure in as-deposited Ti-6Al-4V was investigated, and the results presented in this paper provide a first look at the relationships between the two parameters.