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Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review

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TLDR
The state-of-the-art of additive manufacturing (AM) can be classified into three categories: direct digital manufacturing, free-form fabrication, or 3D printing as discussed by the authors.
Abstract
This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of an important, rapidly emerging, manufacturing technology that is alternatively called additive manufacturing (AM), direct digital manufacturing, free form fabrication, or 3D printing, etc. A broad contextual overview of metallic AM is provided. AM has the potential to revolutionize the global parts manufacturing and logistics landscape. It enables distributed manufacturing and the productions of parts-on-demand while offering the potential to reduce cost, energy consumption, and carbon footprint. This paper explores the material science, processes, and business consideration associated with achieving these performance gains. It is concluded that a paradigm shift is required in order to fully exploit AM potential.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Prediction of surface roughness in extrusion-based additive manufacturing with machine learning

TL;DR: Experimental results have shown that the proposed predictive modeling approach is capable of predicting the surface roughness of 3D printed components with high accuracy.
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Improving the fatigue behaviour of a selectively laser melted aluminium alloy: Influence of heat treatment and surface quality

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of surface quality and heat treatment on the fatigue performance of selective laser melting (SLM) AlSi10Mg in load bearing applications.
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Application of Directed Energy Deposition-Based Additive Manufacturing in Repair

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the Directed Energy Deposition (DED) process and its role in the repairing of metallic components and confirm the significant capability of DED process as a repair and remanufacturing technology.
Journal ArticleDOI

Acoustic emission for in situ quality monitoring in additive manufacturing using spectral convolutional neural networks

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the feasibility of using acoustic emission for quality monitoring and combined a sensitive acoustic emission sensor with machine learning, where the acoustic signals were recorded using a fiber Bragg grating sensor during the powder bed additive manufacturing process in a commercially available selective laser melting machine.
Journal ArticleDOI

Continuous maintenance and the future – Foundations and technological challenges

TL;DR: Foundations and technologies required for continuous maintenance within the Industry 4.0 context are presented and the role of IoT, standards and cyber security are identified.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

As-Fabricated and Heat-Treated Microstructures of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the various types of microstructure of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy after post-fabrication heat treatments below or above the β transus.
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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V

TL;DR: In this paper, the macrostructure, microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy after WAAM deposition have been investigated, and the average yield and ultimate tensile strengths of the as-deposited material were found to be slightly lower than those for a forged Ti- 6Al 4V bar (MIL-T 9047), however, the ductility was similar and the mean fatigue life was significantly higher.
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Cost estimation for rapid manufacturing - laser sintering production for low to medium volumes:

TL;DR: In this article, a cost model for laser sintering is proposed, which leads to graph profiles that are typical for layer-by-layer manufacturing processes, and the evolution of cost models and the indirect cost significance in modern costing representation is shown.
Journal ArticleDOI

Environmental aspects of laser-based and conventional tool and die manufacturing

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated three case studies to reveal the extent to which DMD-based manufacturing of molds and dies can currently achieve reduced environmental emissions and energy consumption relative to conventional manufacturing pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI

The laser additive manufacture of Ti-6Al-4V

TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between LAM processing parameters and microstructure in as-deposited Ti-6Al-4V was investigated, and the results presented in this paper provide a first look at the relationships between the two parameters.
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