Perceived parenting and risk for major depression in Chinese women
J. Gao,Yihan Li,Y. Cai,Jianhua Chen,Yuan Shen,S. Ni,Yan Wei,Y. Qiu,X. Zhu,Liu Ying,C. Lu,C. Chen,Qihui Niu,C. Tang,Y. Yang,Qian Wang,W. Cui,Jing Xia,Tiebang Liu,J Zhang,B. Zhao,Z. Guo,Jiyang Pan,H. Chen,Y. Luo,Lixian Sun,X. Xiao,Q Chen,X Zhao,Feng He,L Lv,L. Guo,L. Liu,H. Li,Shenxun Shi,Jonathan Flint,Kenneth S. Kendler,Ming Tao +37 more
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TLDR
The results suggest that cultural factors impact on patterns of parenting and their association with MD, and high parental protectiveness is generally pathogenic in Western countries but protective in China, especially when received from the father.Abstract:
Background. In Western countries, a history of major depression (MD) is associated with reports of received parenting that is low in warmth and caring and high in control and authoritarianism. Does a similar pattern exist in women in China? Method. Received parenting was assessed by a shortened version of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) in two groups of Han Chinese women: 1970 clinically ascertained cases with recurrent MD and 2597 matched controls. MD was assessed at personal interview. Results. Factor analysis of the PBI revealed three factors for both mothers and fathers : warmth, protectiveness, and authoritarianism. Lower warmth and protectiveness and higher authoritarianism from both mother and father were significantly associated with risk for recurrent MD. Parental warmth was positively correlated with parental protectiveness and negatively correlated with parental authoritarianism. When examined together, paternal warmth was more strongly associated with lowered risk for MD than maternal warmth. Furthermore, paternal protectiveness was negatively and maternal protectiveness positively associated with risk for MD. Conclusions. Although the structure of received parenting is very similar in China and Western countries, the association with MD is not. High parental protectiveness is generally pathogenic in Western countries but protective in China, especially when received from the father. Our results suggest that cultural factors impact on patterns of parenting and their association with MD.read more
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Vasopressin, but not oxytocin, increases empathic concern among individuals who received higher levels of paternal warmth: A randomized controlled trial
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TL;DR: Vasopressin has a role in enhancing empathy among individuals who received higher levels of paternal warmth and no main or interaction effects were found forindividuals who received oxytocin.
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The structure of the symptoms of major depression: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in depressed Han Chinese women.
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TL;DR: Prior cross-cultural studies, factor analyses of MD in Western populations and empirical findings in this sample showing risk factor profiles similar to those seen inWestern populations suggest that the results are likely to be broadly representative of the human depressive syndrome.
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Childhood Sexual Abuse and the Development of Recurrent Major Depression in Chinese Women
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TL;DR: CSA is strongly associated with recurrent MD and this association increases with greater severity of CSA, and among the depressed women, those with CSA had an earlier age of onset, longer depressive episodes.
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