Proinflammatory activity of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors derived from Trypanosoma cruzi: structural and functional analyses.
TLDR
A detailed analysis of the correlation between structure and proinflammatory activity by Trypanosoma cruzi‐derived GPI anchors is provided and the implications in resistance and pathogenesis during the infection with T. cruzi are discussed.Abstract:
A strong activation of macrophages is observed during acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Little is known, however, about the parasite molecules that are responsible for this early acti- vation of innate immunity. Recent studies have shown the stimulatory activity of protozoan-de- rived glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors on cultured macrophages. In this review, we pro- vide a detailed analysis of the correlation between structure and proinflammatory activity by T. cruzi- derived GPI anchors. We also cover the studies that have identified the Toll-like receptor 2 as a functional GPI receptor and have partially charac- terized signaling pathways triggered by T. cruzi- derived GPI anchors, which lead to the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Fi- nally, we discuss the implications of these findings in resistance and pathogenesis during the infection with T. cruzi. J. Leukoc. Biol. 70: 467-477; 2001.read more
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Induction of Proinflammatory Responses in Macrophages by the Glycosylphosphatidylinositols of Plasmodium falciparum CELL SIGNALING RECEPTORS, GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL (GPI) STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENT, AND REGULATION OF GPI ACTIVITY
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Protozoan encounters with Toll-like receptor signalling pathways: implications for host parasitism
TL;DR: Recent insights are described into how parasitic protozoans are sensed by TLR molecules, and how the TLR system itself can be targeted by these microbial pathogens for their own survival.
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MyD88 is essential for clearance of Leishmania major: possible role for lipophosphoglycan and Toll‐like receptor 2 signaling
Michael John de Veer,Joan M Curtis,Tracey M. Baldwin,Joseph A. DiDonato,Adrienne Sexton,Malcolm J. McConville,Emanuela Handman,Louis Schofield +7 more
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