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The Cytokines of Asthma

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TLDR
The cytokine networks driving asthma are reviewed, placing these in cellular context and incorporating insights from cytokine-targeting therapies in the clinic, to argue that the development of new and improved therapeutics will require understanding the diverse mechanisms underlying the spectrum of asthma pathologies.
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This article is published in Immunity.The article was published on 2019-04-16 and is currently open access. It has received 501 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Bronchial hyperresponsiveness & Systemic inflammation.

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Citations
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Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the increase in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions?

TL;DR: Akdis et al. as discussed by the authors introduced an extended "epithelial barrier hypothesis" which proposes that the increase in epithelial barrier-damaging agents linked to industrialization, urbanization and modern life underlies the rise in allergic, autoimmune and other chronic conditions.
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The basic immunology of asthma

TL;DR: In this article, the underlying immunological basis of various asthma endotypes by discussing results obtained from animal studies as well as results generated in clinical studies targeting specific immune pathways is discussed.
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The cytokine network involved in the host immune response to periodontitis

TL;DR: This review begins with an up-to-date aetiological hypothesis of periodontal disease and summarize the roles of cytokines in the host immune response and the latest cytokine-related therapeutic measures for periodontic disease.
References
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IL-1 is a critical regulator of group 2 innate lymphoid cell function and plasticity

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that IL-1β was a critical activator of ILC2 cells, inducing proliferation and cytokine production and regulating the expression of epithelial cytokine receptors.
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High IFN-γ and low SLPI mark severe asthma in mice and humans

TL;DR: It is determined that IFN-γ (Th1) immune responses are exacerbated in the airways of individuals with SA, with reduced Th2 and IL-17 responses, and a distinct immune response in SA characterized by a dysregulated IFn-γ/SLPI axis that affects lung function.
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Allergen-induced asthmatic responses modified by a GATA3-specific DNAzyme.

TL;DR: Treatment with SB010 significantly attenuated both late and early asthmatic responses after allergen provocation in patients with allergic asthma, and biomarker analysis showed an attenuation of Th2-regulated inflammatory responses.
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Basophil-derived interleukin-4 controls the function of natural helper cells, a member of ILC2s, in lung inflammation

TL;DR: It is found that basophils play a crucial role in NH cell-mediated eosinophilic inflammation induced by protease allergens, subsequently leading to protease allergen-induced airway inflammation.
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The immunology of the allergy epidemic and the hygiene hypothesis

TL;DR: It is proposed that barrier epithelial cells are heavily influenced by environmental factors and by microbiome-derived danger signals and metabolites, and thus act as important rheostats for immunoregulation, particularly during early postnatal development.
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Trending Questions (1)
What is the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of asthma?

The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of asthma is to promote airway eosinophilia, mucus overproduction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and immunoglobulin E synthesis.