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The Cytokines of Asthma

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TLDR
The cytokine networks driving asthma are reviewed, placing these in cellular context and incorporating insights from cytokine-targeting therapies in the clinic, to argue that the development of new and improved therapeutics will require understanding the diverse mechanisms underlying the spectrum of asthma pathologies.
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This article is published in Immunity.The article was published on 2019-04-16 and is currently open access. It has received 501 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Bronchial hyperresponsiveness & Systemic inflammation.

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Citations
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Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the increase in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions?

TL;DR: Akdis et al. as discussed by the authors introduced an extended "epithelial barrier hypothesis" which proposes that the increase in epithelial barrier-damaging agents linked to industrialization, urbanization and modern life underlies the rise in allergic, autoimmune and other chronic conditions.
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The basic immunology of asthma

TL;DR: In this article, the underlying immunological basis of various asthma endotypes by discussing results obtained from animal studies as well as results generated in clinical studies targeting specific immune pathways is discussed.
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The cytokine network involved in the host immune response to periodontitis

TL;DR: This review begins with an up-to-date aetiological hypothesis of periodontal disease and summarize the roles of cytokines in the host immune response and the latest cytokine-related therapeutic measures for periodontic disease.
References
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Involvement of il-5 in a murine model of allergic pulmonary inflammation :prophylactic and therapeutic effect of an anti-il-5 antibody

TL;DR: An important role for IL-5 is demonstrated in the development of eosinophilic inflammation of the airways and for the migration of eOSinophils from the bone marrow into blood in response to antigen challenge.
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Steroid resistance of airway type 2 innate lymphoid cells from patients with severe asthma: The role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin.

TL;DR: IL‐7 and TSLP abrogated this inhibition and induced steroid resistance of ILC2s in a MEK‐ and STAT5‐dependent manner, which was reversed by clinically available inhibitors of MEK andSTAT5.
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IL-9 governs allergen-induced mast cell numbers in the lung and chronic remodeling of the airways.

TL;DR: The data suggest an important role for an IL-9-MC axis in the pathology associated with chronic asthma and demonstrate that an impact on this axis could lead to a reduction in chronic inflammation and improved lung function in patients with asthma.
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Th17 responses in chronic allergic airway inflammation abrogate regulatory T-cell-mediated tolerance and contribute to airway remodeling

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that both parenteral and mucosalAllergen sensitization, followed by allergen inhalation, leads to Th17-biased lung immune responses, and targeting the Th17/Treg axis might therefore be therapeutic in neutrophilic and glucocorticoid-refractory asthma.
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Trending Questions (1)
What is the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of asthma?

The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of asthma is to promote airway eosinophilia, mucus overproduction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and immunoglobulin E synthesis.