Journal ArticleDOI
The future of immune checkpoint therapy
Padmanee Sharma,James P. Allison +1 more
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TLDR
The way forward for this class of novel agents lies in the ability to understand human immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, which will provide valuable information regarding the dynamic nature of the immune response and regulation of additional pathways that will need to be targeted through combination therapies to provide survival benefit for greater numbers of patients.Abstract:
Immune checkpoint therapy, which targets regulatory pathways in T cells to enhance antitumor immune responses, has led to important clinical advances and provided a new weapon against cancer. This therapy has elicited durable clinical responses and, in a fraction of patients, long-term remissions where patients exhibit no clinical signs of cancer for many years. The way forward for this class of novel agents lies in our ability to understand human immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. This will provide valuable information regarding the dynamic nature of the immune response and regulation of additional pathways that will need to be targeted through combination therapies to provide survival benefit for greater numbers of patients.read more
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TSNAD: an integrated software for cancer somatic mutation and tumour-specific neoantigen detection
Zhan Zhou,Xingzheng Lyu,Jingcheng Wu,Xiaoyue Yang,Shanshan Wu,Jie Zhou,Xun Gu,Zhixi Su,Shuqing Chen +8 more
TL;DR: This study developed software called the tumour-specific neoantigen detector for detecting cancer somatic mutations following the best practices of the genome analysis toolkit and predicting potential tumours- specific neoantigens, which could be either extracellular mutations of membrane proteins or mutated peptides presented by class I major histocompatibility complex molecules.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple Structural and Epigenetic Defects in the Human Leukocyte Antigen class I Antigen Presentation Pathway in a Recurrent Metastatic Melanoma Following Immunotherapy
Chien-Chung Chang,Giuseppe Pirozzi,Shao-Hsuan Wen,I-Hsin Chung,Bau-Lin Chiu,Simona Errico,Monica Luongo,M.L. Lombardi,Soldano Ferrone +8 more
TL;DR: A combination of IFN-γ-irreversible structural and epigenetic defects in HLA class I antigen-processing machinery in a recurrent melanoma metastasis after immunotherapy is revealed, representing a novel tumor immune evasion mechanism through impairing multiple components at various levels in the HLAclass I antigen presentation pathway.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellular and molecular biology of small cell lung cancer: an overview
TL;DR: An in-depth view of some of the genomic alterations in SCLC that have emerged as potential targets for therapeutic intervention is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stromal protein βig-h3 reprogrammes tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer.
Delphine Goehrig,Delphine Goehrig,Jérémy Nigri,Rémi Samain,Zhichong Wu,Zhichong Wu,Paola Cappello,Gaëlle Gabiane,Gaëlle Gabiane,Xinyi Zhang,Xinyi Zhang,Yajie Zhao,Yajie Zhao,In San Kim,M. Chanal,M. Chanal,Roberta Curto,Valérie Hervieu,Christelle De La Fouchardiere,Francesco Novelli,Pascale Milani,Richard Tomasini,Corinne Bousquet,Philippe Bertolino,Philippe Bertolino,Ana Hennino,Ana Hennino +26 more
TL;DR: The data indicate that targeting stromal extracellular matrix protein βig-h3 improves the antitumoural response and consequently reduces tumour weight.
Journal ArticleDOI
Personalized cancer vaccines: Targeting the cancer mutanome.
TL;DR: Recent studies demonstrate that neoantigens are important targets following checkpoint inhibition therapy, have been identified as the target of adoptive T cell therapies, and can be successfully targeted with personalized vaccines, providing strong rationale for the clinical translation of personalized cancer vaccines.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma.
F. Stephen Hodi,Steven J. O'Day,David F. McDermott,R. W. Weber,Jeffrey A. Sosman,John B. A. G. Haanen,Rene Gonzalez,Caroline Robert,Dirk Schadendorf,Jessica C. Hassel,Wallace Akerley,Alfons J.M. van den Eertwegh,Jose Lutzky,Paul Lorigan,Julia Vaubel,Gerald P. Linette,David W. Hogg,Christian H. Ottensmeier,Céleste Lebbé,Christian Peschel,Ian Quirt,Joseph I. Clark,Jedd D. Wolchok,Jeffrey S. Weber,Jason Tian,Michael Yellin,Geoffrey M. Nichol,Axel Hoos,Walter J. Urba +28 more
TL;DR: Ipilimumab, with or without a gp100 peptide vaccine, as compared with gp100 alone, improved overall survival in patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma.
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Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer.
Suzanne L. Topalian,F. Stephen Hodi,Julie R. Brahmer,Scott N. Gettinger,David Smith,David F. McDermott,John D. Powderly,Richard D. Carvajal,Jeffrey A. Sosman,Michael B. Atkins,Philip D. Leming,David R. Spigel,Scott J. Antonia,Leora Horn,Charles G. Drake,Drew M. Pardoll,Lieping Chen,William H. Sharfman,Robert A. Anders,Janis M. Taube,Tracee L. McMiller,Haiying Xu,Alan J. Korman,Maria Jure-Kunkel,Shruti Agrawal,Dan McDonald,Georgia Kollia,Ashok Kumar Gupta,Jon M. Wigginton,Mario Sznol +29 more
TL;DR: Anti-PD-1 antibody produced objective responses in approximately one in four to one in five patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, or renal-cell cancer; the adverse-event profile does not appear to preclude its use.
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The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy
TL;DR: Preliminary clinical findings with blockers of additional immune-checkpoint proteins, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), indicate broad and diverse opportunities to enhance antitumour immunity with the potential to produce durable clinical responses.
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Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer
Helen Davies,Graham R. Bignell,Charles Cox,Philip J. Stephens,Sarah Edkins,S. M. Clegg,Jon W. Teague,Hayley Woffendin,Mathew J. Garnett,William Bottomley,Neil Davis,Ed Dicks,Rebecca Ewing,Yvonne Floyd,Kristian Gray,S. Hall,Rachel Hawes,Jaime Hughes,Vivian Kosmidou,Andrew Menzies,Catherine Mould,Adrian Parker,Claire Stevens,Stephen Watt,Steven Hooper,Rebecca Wilson,Hiran Jayatilake,Barry A. Gusterson,Colin Cooper,Janet Shipley,Darren Hargrave,Kathy Pritchard-Jones,Norman J. Maitland,Georgia Chenevix-Trench,Gregory J. Riggins,Darell D. Bigner,Giuseppe Palmieri,Antonio Cossu,Adrienne M. Flanagan,Andrew G. Nicholson,Judy W. C. Ho,Suet Yi Leung,Siu Tsan Yuen,Barbara L. Weber,Hilliard F. Seigler,Timothy L. Darrow,Hugh Paterson,Richard Marais,Christopher J. Marshall,Richard Wooster,Michael R. Stratton,P. Andrew Futreal +51 more
TL;DR: BRAF somatic missense mutations in 66% of malignant melanomas and at lower frequency in a wide range of human cancers, with a single substitution (V599E) accounting for 80%.
Journal ArticleDOI
Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer
Ludmil B. Alexandrov,Serena Nik-Zainal,Serena Nik-Zainal,David C. Wedge,Samuel Aparicio,Sam Behjati,Sam Behjati,Andrew V. Biankin,Graham R. Bignell,Niccolo Bolli,Niccolo Bolli,Åke Borg,Anne Lise Børresen-Dale,Anne Lise Børresen-Dale,Sandrine Boyault,Birgit Burkhardt,Adam Butler,Carlos Caldas,Helen Davies,Christine Desmedt,Roland Eils,Jorunn E. Eyfjord,John A. Foekens,Mel Greaves,Fumie Hosoda,Barbara Hutter,Tomislav Ilicic,Sandrine Imbeaud,Sandrine Imbeaud,Marcin Imielinsk,Natalie Jäger,David T. W. Jones,David T. Jones,Stian Knappskog,Stian Knappskog,Marcel Kool,Sunil R. Lakhani,Carlos López-Otín,Sancha Martin,Nikhil C. Munshi,Nikhil C. Munshi,Hiromi Nakamura,Paul A. Northcott,Marina Pajic,Elli Papaemmanuil,Angelo Paradiso,John V. Pearson,Xose S. Puente,Keiran Raine,Manasa Ramakrishna,Andrea L. Richardson,Andrea L. Richardson,Julia Richter,Philip Rosenstiel,Matthias Schlesner,Ton N. Schumacher,Paul N. Span,Jon W. Teague,Yasushi Totoki,Andrew Tutt,Rafael Valdés-Mas,Marit M. van Buuren,Laura van ’t Veer,Anne Vincent-Salomon,Nicola Waddell,Lucy R. Yates,Icgc PedBrain,Jessica Zucman-Rossi,Jessica Zucman-Rossi,P. Andrew Futreal,Ultan McDermott,Peter Lichter,Matthew Meyerson,Matthew Meyerson,Sean M. Grimmond,Reiner Siebert,Elias Campo,Tatsuhiro Shibata,Stefan M. Pfister,Stefan M. Pfister,Peter J. Campbell,Peter J. Campbell,Peter J. Campbell,Michael R. Stratton,Michael R. Stratton +84 more
TL;DR: It is shown that hypermutation localized to small genomic regions, ‘kataegis’, is found in many cancer types, and this results reveal the diversity of mutational processes underlying the development of cancer.
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