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Journal ArticleDOI

The future of immune checkpoint therapy

Padmanee Sharma, +1 more
- 03 Apr 2015 - 
- Vol. 348, Iss: 6230, pp 56-61
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TLDR
The way forward for this class of novel agents lies in the ability to understand human immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, which will provide valuable information regarding the dynamic nature of the immune response and regulation of additional pathways that will need to be targeted through combination therapies to provide survival benefit for greater numbers of patients.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy, which targets regulatory pathways in T cells to enhance antitumor immune responses, has led to important clinical advances and provided a new weapon against cancer. This therapy has elicited durable clinical responses and, in a fraction of patients, long-term remissions where patients exhibit no clinical signs of cancer for many years. The way forward for this class of novel agents lies in our ability to understand human immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. This will provide valuable information regarding the dynamic nature of the immune response and regulation of additional pathways that will need to be targeted through combination therapies to provide survival benefit for greater numbers of patients.

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Expression patterns of programmed death ligand 1 correlate with different microenvironments and patient prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

TL;DR: This study provided a novel methodology to evaluate PD-L 1 expression in the tumour microenvironment, which might help to select patients who would benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies.
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Oncolytic Adenovirus: Strategies and Insights for Vector Design and Immuno-Oncolytic Applications

TL;DR: Significant off-target interactions between the viral vector and cellular and proteinaceous components of the bloodstream have been documented that promote uptake into non-target cells and determine dose-limiting toxicities.
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Invasive lobular and ductal breast carcinoma differ in immune response, protein translation efficiency and metabolism.

TL;DR: The higher immune activity uncovered in ILC highlights the currently unexplored potential of a response to immunotherapy in a subset of patients with ILC, and the lower rates of protein translation and metabolism - known features of tumor dormancy - may play a role in the late recurrences of ILC and lower detection rate in mammography and PET scanning.
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The role of microbiota in cancer therapy.

TL;DR: This work has shown that the gut microbiota modulates the response by priming for the release of pro-inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species in cancer therapy and its toxic side effects by targeting the microbiota.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy

TL;DR: Preliminary clinical findings with blockers of additional immune-checkpoint proteins, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), indicate broad and diverse opportunities to enhance antitumour immunity with the potential to produce durable clinical responses.
Journal ArticleDOI

Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer

Ludmil B. Alexandrov, +84 more
- 22 Aug 2013 - 
TL;DR: It is shown that hypermutation localized to small genomic regions, ‘kataegis’, is found in many cancer types, and this results reveal the diversity of mutational processes underlying the development of cancer.
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