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The future of immune checkpoint therapy

Padmanee Sharma, +1 more
- 03 Apr 2015 - 
- Vol. 348, Iss: 6230, pp 56-61
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TLDR
The way forward for this class of novel agents lies in the ability to understand human immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, which will provide valuable information regarding the dynamic nature of the immune response and regulation of additional pathways that will need to be targeted through combination therapies to provide survival benefit for greater numbers of patients.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy, which targets regulatory pathways in T cells to enhance antitumor immune responses, has led to important clinical advances and provided a new weapon against cancer. This therapy has elicited durable clinical responses and, in a fraction of patients, long-term remissions where patients exhibit no clinical signs of cancer for many years. The way forward for this class of novel agents lies in our ability to understand human immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. This will provide valuable information regarding the dynamic nature of the immune response and regulation of additional pathways that will need to be targeted through combination therapies to provide survival benefit for greater numbers of patients.

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Emerging Nano‐/Microapproaches for Cancer Immunotherapy

TL;DR: How nano‐/microparticles improve the efficacy of these therapies, relevant immunological mechanisms, and how nano‐ /microparticle methods are able to accelerate the clinical translation of cancer immunotherapy are explored are explored.
Journal ArticleDOI

Review: The transcripts associated with organ allograft rejection.

TL;DR: In this article, the molecular mechanisms operating in human organ transplant rejection are best inferred from the mRNAs expressed in biopsies because the corresponding proteins often have low expression and short half-lives, while small non-coding RNAs lack specificity.
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Autoimmune antibodies correlate with immune checkpoint therapy-induced toxicities.

TL;DR: Biomarkers to predict toxicities will be necessary to improve management of patients receiving IC therapy and suggest that autoantibodies may correlate with irAEs related to IC therapy, and specific autoantIBodies may be detected early for the management ofirAEs.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy

TL;DR: Preliminary clinical findings with blockers of additional immune-checkpoint proteins, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), indicate broad and diverse opportunities to enhance antitumour immunity with the potential to produce durable clinical responses.
Journal ArticleDOI

Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer

Ludmil B. Alexandrov, +84 more
- 22 Aug 2013 - 
TL;DR: It is shown that hypermutation localized to small genomic regions, ‘kataegis’, is found in many cancer types, and this results reveal the diversity of mutational processes underlying the development of cancer.
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