Top–down assessment of the Asian carbon budget since the mid 1990s
Rona Thompson,Prabir K. Patra,Frédéric Chevallier,Shamil Maksyutov,Rachel M. Law,Tilo Ziehn,I. T. van der Laan-Luijkx,Wouter Peters,Alexander Ganshin,Ruslan Zhuravlev,Ruslan Zhuravlev,Takashi Maki,Takashi Nakamura,Tomoko Shirai,Misa Ishizawa,Tazu Saeki,Toshinobu Machida,Benjamin Poulter,Josep G. Canadell,Philippe Ciais +19 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors used an ensemble of seven atmospheric inverse systems to estimate land biosphere fluxes (natural, land-use change and fires) based on atmospheric observations of CO2 concentration.Abstract:
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is the principal driver of anthropogenic climate change. Asia is an important region for the global carbon budget, with 4 of the world's 10 largest national emitters of CO2. Using an ensemble of seven atmospheric inverse systems, we estimated land biosphere fluxes (natural, land-use change and fires) based on atmospheric observations of CO2 concentration. The Asian land biosphere was a net sink of -0.46 (-0.70-0.24) PgC per year (median and range) for 1996-2012 and was mostly located in East Asia, while in South and Southeast Asia the land biosphere was close to carbon neutral. In East Asia, the annual CO2 sink increased between 1996-2001 and 2008-2012 by 0.56 (0.30-0.81) PgC, accounting for ∼35% of the increase in the global land biosphere sink. Uncertainty in the fossil fuel emissions contributes significantly (32%) to the uncertainty in land biosphere sink change.read more
Citations
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Chinese CO2 emission flows have reversed since the global financial crisis
Zhifu Mi,Zhifu Mi,Jing Meng,Dabo Guan,Yuli Shan,Malin Song,Yi-Ming Wei,Zhu Liu,Klaus Hubacek,Klaus Hubacek +9 more
TL;DR: It is shown that emission flow patterns have changed greatly in both domestic and foreign trade since the financial crisis, and emissions embodied in China’s exports declined from 2007 to 2012, while developing countries become the major destinations of China's export emissions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO 2 , version 2016 (ODIAC2016): a global monthly fossil fuel CO 2 gridded emissions data product for tracer transport simulations and surface flux inversions
TL;DR: The year 2016 version of the ODIAC emission data product (ODIAC2016) is described and analyses that help guiding data users, especially for atmospheric CO2 tracer transport simulations and flux inversion analysis are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large Chinese land carbon sink estimated from atmospheric carbon dioxide data.
Jing Wang,Liang Feng,Paul I. Palmer,Yi Liu,Shuangxi Fang,Hartmut Bösch,Christopher W. O'Dell,Xiaoping Tang,Dongxu Yang,Liu Lixin,ChaoZong Xia +10 more
TL;DR: Space-borne observations of vegetation greenness show a large increase with time over this study period, supporting the timing and increase in the land carbon sink over these afforestation regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Terrestrial Carbon Sink
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic building block of biology is found in carbon, and by trapping radiation it also plays an important role in maint... life on Earth comes in many forms, but all life-forms share a common element in carbon.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term carbon sink in Borneo’s forests halted by drought and vulnerable to edge effects
Lan Qie,Lan Qie,Simon L. Lewis,Simon L. Lewis,Martin J. P. Sullivan,Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez,Georgia Pickavance,Terry Sunderland,Terry Sunderland,Peter S. Ashton,Wannes Hubau,Wannes Hubau,Kamariah Abu Salim,Shin-ichiro Aiba,Lindsay F. Banin,Nicholas J. Berry,Nicholas J. Berry,Francis Q. Brearley,David F. R. P. Burslem,Martin Dančák,Stuart J. Davies,Stuart J. Davies,Gabriella Fredriksson,Keith C. Hamer,Radim Hédl,Lip Khoon Kho,Kanehiro Kitayama,Haruni Krisnawati,Stanislav Lhota,Yadvinder Malhi,Colin R. Maycock,Faizah Metali,Edi Mirmanto,Laszlo Nagy,Reuben Nilus,Robert C. Ong,Colin A. Pendry,Axel Dalberg Poulsen,Richard B. Primack,Ervan Rutishauser,Ismayadi Samsoedin,Bernaulus Saragih,Plinio Sist,J. W. Ferry Slik,Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri,Martin Svátek,Sylvester Tan,Aiyen Tjoa,Mark van Nieuwstadt,Ronald Vernimmen,Ishak Yassir,Petra Kidd,Muhammad Fitriadi,Nur Khalish Hafizhah Ideris,Rafizah Mat Serudin,Layla Syaznie Abdullah Lim,Muhammad Shahruney Saparudin,Oliver L. Phillips +57 more
TL;DR: Using direct on-the-ground observations, the authors confirm that remaining intact forests in Borneo have provided a long-term carbon sink, but carbon net gains are vulnerable to drought and edge effects.
References
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A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World’s Forests
Yude Pan,Richard Birdsey,Jingyun Fang,Jingyun Fang,Richard A. Houghton,Pekka E. Kauppi,Werner A. Kurz,Oliver L. Phillips,Anatoly Shvidenko,Simon L. Lewis,Josep G. Canadell,Philippe Ciais,Robert B. Jackson,Stephen W. Pacala,A. David McGuire,Shilong Piao,Aapo Rautiainen,Stephen Sitch,Daniel J. Hayes +18 more
TL;DR: The total forest sink estimate is equivalent in magnitude to the terrestrial sink deduced from fossil fuel emissions and land-use change sources minus ocean and atmospheric sinks, with tropical estimates having the largest uncertainties.
Journal ArticleDOI
A dynamic global vegetation model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system
Gerhard Krinner,Nicolas Viovy,Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré,Jérôme Ogée,Jérôme Ogée,Jan Polcher,Pierre Friedlingstein,Philippe Ciais,Stephen Sitch,I. Colin Prentice +9 more
Abstract: This work presents a new dynamic global vegetation model designed as an extension of an existing surface-vegetation-atmosphere transfer scheme which is included in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. The new dynamic global vegetation model simulates the principal processes of the continental biosphere influencing the global carbon cycle (photosynthesis, autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration of plants and in soils, fire, etc.) as well as latent, sensible, and kinetic energy exchanges at the surface of soils and plants. As a dynamic vegetation model, it explicitly represents competitive processes such as light competition, sapling establishment, etc. It can thus be used in simulations for the study of feedbacks between transient climate and vegetation cover changes, but it can also be used with a prescribed vegetation distribution. The whole seasonal phenological cycle is prognostically calculated without any prescribed dates or use of satellite data. The model is coupled to the IPSL-CM4 coupled atmosphere-ocean-vegetation model. Carbon and surface energy fluxes from the coupled hydrology-vegetation model compare well with observations at FluxNet sites. Simulated vegetation distribution and leaf density in a global simulation are evaluated against observations, and carbon stocks and fluxes are compared to available estimates, with satisfying results.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea–air CO2 flux over the global oceans
Taro Takahashi,Stewart C Sutherland,Rik Wanninkhof,Colm Sweeney,Richard A. Feely,D.W. Chipman,Burke Hales,Gernot E. Friederich,Francisco P. Chavez,Christopher L. Sabine,Andrew J. Watson,Dorothee C. E. Bakker,Ute Schuster,Nicolas Metzl,Hisayuki Yoshikawa-Inoue,Masao Ishii,Takashi Midorikawa,Yukihiro Nojiri,Arne Körtzinger,Tobias Steinhoff,Mario Hoppema,Jón Ólafsson,Thorarinn S. Arnarson,Bronte Tilbrook,Truls Johannessen,Are Olsen,Richard G. J. Bellerby,C. S. Wong,Bruno Delille,Nicholas R. Bates,Hein J W de Baar +30 more
TL;DR: In this article, a global mean distribution for surface water pCO2 over the global oceans in non-El Nino conditions has been constructed with spatial resolution of 4° (latitude) × 5° (longitude) for a reference year 2000 based upon about 3 million measurements of surface water PCO2 obtained from 1970 to 2007.
Journal ArticleDOI
The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China
TL;DR: It is found that northeast China is a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere owing to overharvesting and degradation of forests, and southern China accounts for more than 65 per cent of the carbon sink, which can be attributed to regional climate change, large-scale plantation programmes active since the 1980s and shrub recovery.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reduced carbon emission estimates from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in China
Zhu Liu,Dabo Guan,Wei Wei,Steven J. Davis,Philippe Ciais,Jin Bai,Shushi Peng,Qiang Zhang,Klaus Hubacek,Gregg Marland,Robert J. Andres,Douglas Crawford-Brown,Jintai Lin,Hongyan Zhao,Chaopeng Hong,Thomas A. Boden,Kuishuang Feng,Glen P. Peters,Fengming Xi,Junguo Liu,Yuan Li,Yu Zhao,Ning Zeng,Kebin He +23 more
TL;DR: China’s carbon emissions are re-evaluated using updated and harmonized energy consumption and clinker production data and two new and comprehensive sets of measured emission factors for Chinese coal, finding that total energy consumption in China was 10 per cent higher in 2000–2012 than the value reported by China's national statistics, and that emission factors are on average 40 per cent lower than the default values recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
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