Type 2 immunity and wound healing: evolutionary refinement of adaptive immunity by helminths
TLDR
The relationship between the control of helminth infection and the mechanisms of wound repair is examined, and a new understanding of the adaptive type 2 immune response and its contribution to both host tolerance and resistance is provided.Abstract:
In this Opinion, the authors provide their perspective on how the type 2 immune response may have evolved and how it functions to mediate both resistance and tolerance to tissue-destructive helminths They propose that the damage induced during helminth migration and the subsequent need for tissue repair have been major factors in driving the evolution of the type 2 responseread more
Citations
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Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system
Akiko Iwasaki,Ruslan Medzhitov +1 more
TL;DR: These emerging principles of innate control of adaptive immunity are discussed, which are variations on a common design principle wherein the cells that sense infections produce one set of cytokines to induce lymphocytes to produce another set ofinflammatory cytokines, which in turn activate effector responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cell-intrinsic lysosomal lipolysis is essential for alternative activation of macrophages
Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang,Bart Everts,Yulia Ivanova,David O’Sullivan,Marcia Nascimento,Amber M. Smith,Wandy L. Beatty,Latisha Love-Gregory,Wing Y. Lam,Christina M. O’Neill,Cong Yan,Hong Du,Nada A. Abumrad,Joseph F. Urban,Maxim N. Artyomov,Erika L. Pearce,Edward J. Pearce +16 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that the uptake of triacylglycerol substrates via the scavenger receptor CD36 and their subsequent lipolysis by lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) was important for the engagement of elevated oxidative phosphorylation, enhanced spare respiratory capacity (SRC), prolonged survival and expression of genes that together define M2 activation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Th17 cells transdifferentiate into regulatory T cells during resolution of inflammation
Nicola Gagliani,Maria Carolina Amezcua Vesely,Andrea Iseppon,Leonie Brockmann,Hao Xu,Noah W. Palm,Marcel R. de Zoete,Paula Licona-Limón,Ricardo Paiva,Travers Ching,Casey T. Weaver,Xiaoyuan Zi,Xinghua Pan,Rong Fan,Lana X. Garmire,Matthew J. Cotton,Yotam Drier,Bradley E. Bernstein,Jens Geginat,Brigitta Stockinger,Enric Esplugues,Samuel Huber,Richard A. Flavell +22 more
TL;DR: Two new fate-mapping mouse models are used to show that CD4+ T cells that formerly expressed IL-17A go on to acquire an anti-inflammatory phenotype and suggest that Th17 cell instability and plasticity is a therapeutic opportunity for inflammatory diseases.
Cell-intrinsic lysosomal lipolysis is essential for macrophage alternative activation
Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang,Bart Everts,Yulia Ivanova,David O’Sullivan,Marcia Nascimento,Amber M. Smith,Wandy L. Beatty,Latisha Love-Gregory,Wing Y. Lam,Christina M. O’Neill,Cong Yan,Hong Du,Nada A. Abumrad,Joseph F. Urban,Maxim N. Artyomov,Erika L. Pearce,Edward J. Pearce +16 more
TL;DR: It is found that the uptake of triacylglycerol substrates via the scavenger receptor CD36 and their subsequent lipolysis by lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) was important for the engagement of elevated oxidative phosphorylation, enhanced spare respiratory capacity (SRC), prolonged survival and expression of genes that together define M2 activation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Type 2 cytokines: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
TL;DR: The many endogenous negative regulatory mechanisms that antagonize type 2 immunity are discussed and how therapies that target some of these pathways are being developed to treat type 2-mediated disease are highlighted.
References
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TL;DR: Cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling inflammation in cutaneous tissue repair are reviewed and a rationale for targeting the inflammatory phase in order to modulate the outcome of the healing response is provided.
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