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Journal ArticleDOI

Type, Density, and Location of Immune Cells Within Human Colorectal Tumors Predict Clinical Outcome

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TLDR
In situ analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells may be a valuable prognostic tool in the treatment of colorectal cancer and possibly other malignancies.
Abstract
The role of the adaptive immune response in controlling the growth and recurrence of human tumors has been controversial. We characterized the tumor-infiltrating immune cells in large cohorts of human colorectal cancers by gene expression profiling and in situ immunohistochemical staining. Collectively, the immunological data (the type, density, and location of immune cells within the tumor samples) were found to be a better predictor of patient survival than the histopathological methods currently used to stage colorectal cancer. The results were validated in two additional patient populations. These data support the hypothesis that the adaptive immune response influences the behavior of human tumors. In situ analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells may therefore be a valuable prognostic tool in the treatment of colorectal cancer and possibly other malignancies.

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Optimizing oncolytic virotherapy in cancer treatment.

TL;DR: Rational combinations of OVs with different immune modifiers and/or antitumour agents, based on mechanisms of tumour resistance to immune-mediated attack, may benefit the large, currently underserved, population of patients who respond poorly to immune checkpoint inhibition.
Journal ArticleDOI

IL-17 Promotes Tumor Development through the Induction of Tumor Promoting Microenvironments at Tumor Sites and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that IL-17–mediated responses promote tumor development through the induction of tumor-promoting microenvironments at tumor sites through the involvement of MDSCs in tumor sites.
Journal ArticleDOI

Immune-Related Gene Expression Profiling After PD-1 Blockade in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma, Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Melanoma

TL;DR: The hypothesis that identification of a preexisting and stable adaptive immune response as defined by mRNA expression pattern is reproducible and sufficient to predict clinical outcome is supported, regardless of the type of cancer or the PD1 therapeutic antibody administered to patients.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Inflammation and cancer

TL;DR: It is now becoming clear that the tumour microenvironment, which is largely orchestrated by inflammatory cells, is an indispensable participant in the neoplastic process, fostering proliferation, survival and migration.
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Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape.

TL;DR: The historical and experimental basis of cancer immunoediting is summarized and its dual roles in promoting host protection against cancer and facilitating tumor escape from immune destruction are discussed.
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A gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma

TL;DR: In this paper, a gene was identified that directed the expression of antigen MZ2-E on a human melanoma cell line, which belongs to a family of at least three genes.
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Tumour-educated macrophages promote tumour progression and metastasis

TL;DR: Macrophages are educated by the tumour microenvironment, so that they adopt a trophic role that facilitates angiogenesis, matrix breakdown and tumour-cell motility — all of which are elements of the metastatic process.
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