Journal ArticleDOI
Type, Density, and Location of Immune Cells Within Human Colorectal Tumors Predict Clinical Outcome
Jérôme Galon,Anne Costes,Fátima Sánchez-Cabo,Amos Kirilovsky,Bernhard Mlecnik,Christine Lagorce-Pagès,Marie Tosolini,Matthieu Camus,Anne Berger,Philippe Wind,Franck Zinzindohoué,Patrick Bruneval,Paul-Henri Cugnenc,Zlatko Trajanoski,Wolf H. Fridman,Franck Pagès +15 more
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TLDR
In situ analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells may be a valuable prognostic tool in the treatment of colorectal cancer and possibly other malignancies.Abstract:
The role of the adaptive immune response in controlling the growth and recurrence of human tumors has been controversial. We characterized the tumor-infiltrating immune cells in large cohorts of human colorectal cancers by gene expression profiling and in situ immunohistochemical staining. Collectively, the immunological data (the type, density, and location of immune cells within the tumor samples) were found to be a better predictor of patient survival than the histopathological methods currently used to stage colorectal cancer. The results were validated in two additional patient populations. These data support the hypothesis that the adaptive immune response influences the behavior of human tumors. In situ analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells may therefore be a valuable prognostic tool in the treatment of colorectal cancer and possibly other malignancies.read more
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Tertiary lymphoid structures, drivers of the anti-tumor responses in human cancers
Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean,Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean,Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean,Nicolas A. Giraldo,Nicolas A. Giraldo,Nicolas A. Giraldo,Hélène Kaplon,Hélène Kaplon,Hélène Kaplon,Claire Germain,Claire Germain,Claire Germain,Wolf H. Fridman,Wolf H. Fridman,Wolf H. Fridman,Catherine Sautès-Fridman,Catherine Sautès-Fridman,Catherine Sautès-Fridman +17 more
TL;DR: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) can be considered as a novel biomarker to stratify the overall survival risk of untreated cancer patients and as a marker of efficient immunotherapies to open new avenues to treat cancer patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
NCCN Task Force Report: Evaluating the Clinical Utility of Tumor Markers in Oncology
Phillip G. Febbo,Marc Ladanyi,Kenneth Aldape,Angelo M. De Marzo,M. Elizabeth H. Hammond,Daniel F. Hayes,A. John Iafrate,R. Kate Kelley,Guido Marcucci,Shuji Ogino,William Pao,Dennis C. Sgroi,Marian L. Birkeland +12 more
TL;DR: An NCCN Task Force was convened on the topic of evaluating the clinical utility of tumor markers in oncology and describes the ways biomarkers have been developed and used and proposes the use of a combination level of evidence score to aid in the evaluation of novel biomarker tests as they arise.
Journal ArticleDOI
What are regulatory T cells (Treg) regulating in cancer and why
TL;DR: Adaptive or inducible Treg or Tr1 are the major subset of regulatory cells present in cancer that mediate powerful suppression of effector T cells via diverse mechanisms, produce immunosuppressive cytokines, notably TGF-β as well as prostaglandin E2 and adenosine, and are resistant to apoptosis or oncological therapies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Radiotherapy: Changing the Game in Immunotherapy
TL;DR: Evidence that radiotherapy is not only an occasional enhancer of immunotherapy's effects but a "game changer" is reviewed, and a blueprint to test this is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tumor-Induced IL-6 Reprograms Host Metabolism to Suppress Anti-tumor Immunity.
Thomas R. Flint,Tobias Janowitz,Claire M. Connell,Edward W. Roberts,Alice E. Denton,Anthony P. Coll,Duncan I. Jodrell,Douglas T. Fearon,Douglas T. Fearon,Douglas T. Fearon +9 more
TL;DR: Tumor-induced IL-6 impairs the ketogenic response to reduced caloric intake, resulting in a systemic metabolic stress response that blocks anti-cancer immunotherapy.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammation and cancer
Lisa M. Coussens,Zena Werb +1 more
TL;DR: It is now becoming clear that the tumour microenvironment, which is largely orchestrated by inflammatory cells, is an indispensable participant in the neoplastic process, fostering proliferation, survival and migration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape.
TL;DR: The historical and experimental basis of cancer immunoediting is summarized and its dual roles in promoting host protection against cancer and facilitating tumor escape from immune destruction are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
A gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma
P. van der Bruggen,Catia Traversari,Patrick Chomez,Christophe Lurquin,E De Plaen,B Van den Eynde,Alexander Knuth,Thierry Boon +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a gene was identified that directed the expression of antigen MZ2-E on a human melanoma cell line, which belongs to a family of at least three genes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tumour-educated macrophages promote tumour progression and metastasis
TL;DR: Macrophages are educated by the tumour microenvironment, so that they adopt a trophic role that facilitates angiogenesis, matrix breakdown and tumour-cell motility — all of which are elements of the metastatic process.
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