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Journal ArticleDOI

Type, Density, and Location of Immune Cells Within Human Colorectal Tumors Predict Clinical Outcome

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TLDR
In situ analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells may be a valuable prognostic tool in the treatment of colorectal cancer and possibly other malignancies.
Abstract
The role of the adaptive immune response in controlling the growth and recurrence of human tumors has been controversial. We characterized the tumor-infiltrating immune cells in large cohorts of human colorectal cancers by gene expression profiling and in situ immunohistochemical staining. Collectively, the immunological data (the type, density, and location of immune cells within the tumor samples) were found to be a better predictor of patient survival than the histopathological methods currently used to stage colorectal cancer. The results were validated in two additional patient populations. These data support the hypothesis that the adaptive immune response influences the behavior of human tumors. In situ analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells may therefore be a valuable prognostic tool in the treatment of colorectal cancer and possibly other malignancies.

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CXCL10-induced migration of adoptively transferred human natural killer cells toward solid tumors causes regression of tumor growth in vivo

TL;DR: It is shown that ex vivo expansion of human NK cells results in a tenfold increased expression of the CXCR3 receptor compared with resting NK cells, and these NK cells displayed an improved migratory capacity toward solid tumors, which was dependent on tumor-derived CXCL10.
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The function and dysfunction of memory CD8+ T cells in tumor immunity.

TL;DR: The potential significance of circulating effector cells poised downstream of neoantigen recognition and upstream of T cell dysfunction are elucidated and it is proposed that cells in this immunological ‘sweet spot’ may be key anti‐tumor effectors.
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Prostate cancer lesions are surrounded by FOXP3+, PD-1+ and B7-H1+ lymphocyte clusters

TL;DR: It is reported that prostate cancer islets are surrounded by clustered accumulations of CD3+ lymphocytes, which lack perforin and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) expression, thus are apparently quiescent, and these clusters contain numerous CD25+ and FOXP3+ cells.
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Tumor emergence is sensed by self-specific CD44hi memory Tregs that create a dominant tolerogenic environment for tumors in mice

TL;DR: It is shown that the appearance of tumor cells is immediately sensed by CD44hi memory Tregs that are specific for self antigens that protects tumors, just as it protects normal tissues in the natural setting.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Inflammation and cancer

TL;DR: It is now becoming clear that the tumour microenvironment, which is largely orchestrated by inflammatory cells, is an indispensable participant in the neoplastic process, fostering proliferation, survival and migration.
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Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape.

TL;DR: The historical and experimental basis of cancer immunoediting is summarized and its dual roles in promoting host protection against cancer and facilitating tumor escape from immune destruction are discussed.
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A gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma

TL;DR: In this paper, a gene was identified that directed the expression of antigen MZ2-E on a human melanoma cell line, which belongs to a family of at least three genes.
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Tumour-educated macrophages promote tumour progression and metastasis

TL;DR: Macrophages are educated by the tumour microenvironment, so that they adopt a trophic role that facilitates angiogenesis, matrix breakdown and tumour-cell motility — all of which are elements of the metastatic process.
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