Showing papers on "Fatty acid-binding protein published in 2013"
TL;DR: The possibility of in vivo competitive displacement of fatty acids from FABP by PFCs was estimated and the binding constant obtained showed that PFC binding induced distinctive structural changes of the protein.
Abstract: Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are known to accumulate in liver and induce hepatotoxicity on experimental animals. Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) is expressed highly in hepatocytes and binds fatty acids. PFCs may bind with FABP and change their ADME and toxicity profile. In the present study, the binding interaction of 17 structurally diverse PFCs with human L-FABP was investigated to assess their potential disruption effect on fatty acid binding. The binding affinity of twelve perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), as determined by fluorescence displacement assay, increased significantly with their carbon number from 4 to 11, and decreased slightly when the number was over 11. The three perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) displayed comparable affinity, but no binding was detected for the two fluorotelomer alcohols. Circular dichroism results showed that PFC binding induced distinctive structural changes of the protein. Molecular docking revealed that the driving forces for the binding of PFCs with FABP were predominantly hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions, and the binding geometry was dependent on both the size and rigidity of the PFCs. Based on the binding constant obtained in this work, the possibility of in vivo competitive displacement of fatty acids from FABP by PFCs was estimated.
155 citations
TL;DR: Anandamide uptake can be adequately described as a diffusion process across the plasma membrane followed by intracellular carrier‐mediated transport to effector molecules, catabolic enzymes and sequestration sites, although it is recognized that different cells are likely to utilize different mechanisms of endocannabinoid transport depending upon the utility of the endoc cannabinoidoid for the cell in question.
Abstract: Endocannabinoids are readily accumulated from the extracellular space by cells. Although their uptake properties have the appearance of a process of facilitated diffusion, it is by no means clear as to whether there is a plasma membrane transporter dedicated to this task. Intracellular carrier proteins that shuttle the endocannabinoid anandamide from the plasma membrane to its intracellular targets such as the metabolic enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase, have been identified. These include proteins with other primary functions, such as fatty-acid-binding proteins and heat shock protein 70, and possibly a fatty acid amide hydrolase-like anandamide transporter protein. Thus, anandamide uptake can be adequately described as a diffusion process across the plasma membrane followed by intracellular carrier-mediated transport to effector molecules, catabolic enzymes and sequestration sites, although it is recognized that different cells are likely to utilize different mechanisms of endocannabinoid transport depending upon the utility of the endocannabinoid for the cell in question.
136 citations
TL;DR: Circulating FABP4 appears to be a useful biomarker for detecting pre-clinical stage of metabolic syndrome, especially insulin resistance, in the general population.
Abstract: Objective
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of 14-15-kDa proteins, and some FABPs have been to be used as biomarkers of tissue injury by leak from cells. However, recent studies have shown that FABPs can be secreted from cells into circulation. Here we examined determinants and roles of circulating FABPs in a general population.
120 citations
TL;DR: Capillary endothelial FABP4/5 are required for FA transport into FA-consuming tissues that include the heart, and are identified as promising targets for controlling the metabolism of energy substrates inFA-consuming organs that have muscle-type continuous capillary.
Abstract: Objective— Fatty acids (FAs) are the major substrate for energy production in the heart. Here, we hypothesize that capillary endothelial fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and FABP5 play an important role in providing sufficient FAs to the myocardium. Approach and Results— Both FABP4/5 were abundantly expressed in capillary endothelium in the heart and skeletal muscle. The uptake of a FA analogue, 125I-15-( p -iodophenyl)-3-(R,S)-methyl pentadecanoic acid, was significantly reduced in these tissues in double-knockout (DKO) mice for FABP4/5 compared with wild-type mice. In contrast, the uptake of a glucose analogue, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, was remarkably increased in DKO mice. The expression of transcripts for the oxidative catabolism of FAs was reduced during fasting, whereas transcripts for the glycolytic pathway were not altered in DKO hearts. Notably, metabolome analysis revealed that phosphocreatine and ADP levels were significantly lower in DKO hearts, whereas ATP content was kept at a normal level. The protein expression levels of the glucose transporter Glut4 and the phosphorylated form of phosphofructokinase-2 were increased in DKO hearts, whereas the phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and Akt was comparable between wild-type and DKO hearts during fasting, suggesting that a dramatic increase in glucose usage during fasting is insulin independent and is at least partly attributed to the post-transcriptional and allosteric regulation of key proteins that regulate glucose uptake and glycolysis. Conclusions— Capillary endothelial FABP4/5 are required for FA transport into FA-consuming tissues that include the heart. These findings identify FABP4/5 as promising targets for controlling the metabolism of energy substrates in FA-consuming organs that have muscle-type continuous capillary.
98 citations
TL;DR: This work utilized a simpler cellular system (HEK cells), which lack caveolin-1, CD36, and FATP and metabolize FAs slowly compared to the time frame of transmembrane FA movement, and found that CD36 accelerates FA uptake and extensive incorporation into triglycerides, a process that is slower than trans Membrane movement.
Abstract: CD36 is a multifunctional protein that enhances cellular fatty acid (FA) uptake, a key step in energy metabolism, and its dysregulation in multiple tissue sites is central to obesity-linked diabetes, a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Although CD36 has been implicated in FA uptake in a correlative way, the molecular mechanisms are not known. Their elucidation in cells is confounded by receptor-mediated uptake of low-density lipoprotein by CD36 and the competitive and/or contributive effects of other proteins involved in FA transport and metabolism, which include caveolin(s), fatty acid transport protein (FATP), intracellular fatty acid binding protein, and enzymes involved in the conversion of FAs to esters. Here we utilized a simpler cellular system (HEK cells), which lack caveolin-1, CD36, and FATP and metabolize FAs slowly compared to the time frame of transmembrane FA movement. Our previous studies of HEK cells showed that caveolin-1 affects FA binding and translocation across the plasma membrane and ...
97 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the transport of bile acids between the liver and the gut as well as within hepatocytes and enterocytes is presented.
91 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that human FABP1 has a complex mechanism of regulation where C/EBPα displaces HNF4α and hampers activation by FOXA1 and PPARα.
75 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that 6-gingerol effectively suppresses adipogenesis and that it exerts its role mainly through the significant down-regulation of PPARγ and C/EBPα and subsequently inhibits FAS and aP2 expression.
70 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that liver- (L-) FABP displays a high binding affinity for PPAR subtype selective drugs and may represent a mechanism for facilitating the activation of PPAR transcriptional activity via the direct channeling of ligands between the binding pocket of L-FABP and the PPARαLBD.
Abstract: Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) act as intracellular shuttles for fatty acids as well as lipophilic xenobiotics to the nucleus, where these ligands are released to a group of nuclear receptors called the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs). PPAR mediated gene activation is ultimately involved in maintenance of cellular homeostasis through the transcriptional regulation of metabolic enzymes and transporters that target the activating ligand. Here we show that liver- (L-) FABP displays a high binding affinity for PPAR subtype selective drugs. NMR chemical shift perturbation mapping and proteolytic protection experiments show that the binding of the PPAR subtype selective drugs produces conformational changes that stabilize the portal region of L-FABP. NMR chemical shift perturbation studies also revealed that L-FABP can form a complex with the PPAR ligand binding domain (LBD) of PPARα. This protein-protein interaction may represent a mechanism for facilitating the activation of PPAR transcriptional activity via the direct channeling of ligands between the binding pocket of L-FABP and the PPARαLBD. The role of L-FABP in the delivery of ligands directly to PPARα via this channeling mechanism has important implications for regulatory pathways that mediate xenobiotic responses and host protection in tissues such as the small intestine and the liver where L-FABP is highly expressed.
62 citations
TL;DR: This review is intended to cover some of the most important aspects of this work on polyunsaturated fatty acids and the effect of many antioxidants such as alpha tocopherol, vitamin A, melatonin and its structural analogues, and conjugated linoleic acid, among others.
Abstract: I have been involved in research on polyunsaturated fatty acids since 1964 and this review is intended to cover some of the most important aspects of this work. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have followed me during my whole scientific career and I have published a number of studies concerned with different aspects of them such as chemical synthesis, enzymatic formation, metabolism, transport, physical, chemical, and catalytic properties of a reconstructed desaturase system in liposomes, lipid peroxidation, and their effects. The first project I became involved in was the organic synthesis of [1-14C] eicosa-11,14-dienoic acid, with the aim of demonstrating the participation of that compound as a possible intermediary in the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid “in vivo.” From 1966 to 1982, I was involved in several projects that study the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the eighties, we studied fatty acid binding protein. From 1990 up to now, our laboratory has been interested in the lipid peroxidation of biological membranes from various tissues and different species as well as liposomes prepared with phospholipids rich in PUFAs. We tested the effect of many antioxidants such as alpha tocopherol, vitamin A, melatonin and its structural analogues, and conjugated linoleic acid, among others.
59 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones (HPMFs) effectively and dose-dependently suppressed accumulation of lipid droplets in adipocytes and suggested that HPMFs may have a potential benefit in preventing obesity.
Abstract: This study demonstrated that hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones (HPMFs) effectively and dose-dependently suppressed accumulation of lipid droplets in adipocytes by approximately 51-55%. Western blot analysis revealed that HPMFs markedly down-regulated adipogenesis-related transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c as well as downstream target fatty acid binding protein 2 (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In addition, HPMFs also activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In the early phase of adipogenesis, HPMF-treated preadipocytes displayed a delayed cell cycle entry into G2/M phase at 24 h (35.5% for DMI group and 4.8% for 20 μg/mL HPMFs-treated group) after initiation of adipogenesis. Furthermore, administration of HPMFs (0.25 and 1%) decreased high-fat diet (HFD) induced weight gain (15.3 ± 3.9 g for HFD group, 10.3 ± 0.3 g and 7.9 ± 0.7 g for 0.25 and 1% HPMFs groups, respectively) and relative perigonadal, retroperitoneal, mesenteric fat weight in C57BL/6 mice. Administration of HPMFs reduced serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (T-cho). The results suggested that HPMFs may have a potential benefit in preventing obesity.
TL;DR: This paper reviews the fatty acid mediated angiogenesis process and the involvement of their binding proteins in these processes and indicates that FABPs may be involved in the angiogenic process.
TL;DR: Investigation of molecular mechanisms involved in tumor-promoting activity of C-FABP has established that there is a fatty acid-initiated signaling pathway leading to malignant progression of prostatic cancer cells.
Abstract: Cutaneous fatty acid-binding protein (C-FABP), a cancer promoter and metastasis inducer, is overexpressed in the majority of prostatic carcinomas Investigation of molecular mechanisms involved in tumor-promoting activity of C-FABP has established that there is a fatty acid-initiated signaling pathway leading to malignant progression of prostatic cancer cells Increased C-FABP expression plays an important role in this novel signaling pathway Thus, when C-FABP expression is increased, excessive amounts of fatty acids are transported into the nucleus where they act as signaling molecules to stimulate their nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) The activated PPARγ then modulates the expression of its downstream target regulatory genes, which eventually lead to enhanced tumor expansion and aggressiveness caused by an overgrowth of cells with reduced apoptosis and an increased angiogenesis
TL;DR: The findings indicate that Aβ-associated volume loss occurs in the presence of elevated HFABP irrespective of phospho-tau, which implicates a potentially important role for fatty acid binding proteins in Alzheimer’s disease neurodegeneration.
Abstract: Background: Epidemiological and molecular findings suggest a relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dyslipidemia, although the nature of this association is not well understood. Results: Using linear mixed effects models, we investigated the relationship between CSF levels of heart fatty acid binding protein (HFABP), a lipid binding protein involved with fatty acid metabolism and lipid transport, amyloid-β (Aβ), phospho-tau, and longitudinal MRI-based measures of brain atrophy among 295 non-demented and demented older individuals. Across all participants, we found a significant association of CSF HFABP with longitudinal atrophy of the entorhinal cortex and other AD-vulnerable neuroanatomic regions. However, we found that the relationship between CSF HABP and brain atrophy was significant only among those with low CSF Aβ1–42 and occurred irrespective of phospho-tau181p status. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that Aβ-associated volume loss occurs in the presence of elevated HFABP irrespective of phospho-tau. This implicates a potentially important role for fatty acid binding proteins in Alzheimer’s disease neurodegeneration.
TL;DR: The PUFA-enhanced L-fABP distribution into nuclei with high glucose augmentation of the L-FABP/PPARα interaction reveals not only the importance of L- FABP for PUFA induction of PPARα target genes in fatty acid β-oxidation but also the significance of a high glucose enhancement effect in diabetes.
Abstract: Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) is the major soluble protein that binds very-long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in hepatocytes. However, nothing is known about L-FABP's role in n-3 PUFA-mediated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPARα) transcription of proteins involved in long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) β-oxidation. This issue was addressed in cultured primary hepatocytes from wild-type, L-FABP-null, and PPARα-null mice with these major findings: 1) PUFA-mediated increase in the expression of PPARα-regulated LCFA β-oxidative enzymes, LCFA/LCFA-CoA binding proteins (L-FABP, ACBP), and PPARα itself was L-FABP dependent; 2) PPARα transcription, robustly potentiated by high glucose but not maltose, a sugar not taken up, correlated with higher protein levels of these LCFA β-oxidative enzymes and with increased LCFA β-oxidation; and 3) high glucose altered the potency of n-3 relative to n-6 PUFA. This was not due to a direct effect of glucose on PPARα transcriptional activity nor indirectly through de novo fatty acid synthesis from glucose. Synergism was also not due to glucose impacting other signaling pathways, since it was observed only in hepatocytes expressing both L-FABP and PPARα. Ablation of L-FABP or PPARα as well as treatment with MK886 (PPARα inhibitor) abolished/reduced PUFA-mediated PPARα transcription of these genes, especially at high glucose. Finally, the PUFA-enhanced L-FABP distribution into nuclei with high glucose augmentation of the L-FABP/PPARα interaction reveals not only the importance of L-FABP for PUFA induction of PPARα target genes in fatty acid β-oxidation but also the significance of a high glucose enhancement effect in diabetes.
TL;DR: This direct comparison provides evidence that LFABP and IFABP have distinct roles in intestinal lipid metabolism; differential intracellular functions in intestine and in liver, for LFABp−/− mice, result in divergent downstream effects at the systemic level.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that increased production of eicosanoids in FABP7-positive malignant glioma growing in an AA-rich environment contributes to tumor infiltration in the brain.
TL;DR: While the T94A substitution did not alter the affinity of the human L-FABP for PPARα agonist ligands, it significantly altered the human FABP structure, stability, and conformational and functional response to fibrate.
Abstract: Although the human liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) T94A variant arises from the most commonly occurring single-nucleotide polymorphism in the entire FABP family, there is a complete lack of understanding regarding the role of this polymorphism in human disease. It has been hypothesized that the T94A substitution results in the complete loss of ligand binding ability and function analogous to that seen with L-FABP gene ablation. This possibility was addressed using the recombinant human wild-type (WT) T94T and T94A variant L-FABP and cultured primary human hepatocytes. Nonconservative replacement of the medium-sized, polar, uncharged T residue with a smaller, nonpolar, aliphatic A residue at position 94 of the human L-FABP significantly increased the L-FABP α-helical structure content at the expense of β-sheet content and concomitantly decreased the thermal stability. T94A did not alter the binding affinities for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist ligands (phytanic acid, fenofibrate, and fenofibric acid). While T94A did not alter the impact of phytanic acid and only slightly altered that of fenofibrate on the human L-FABP secondary structure, the active metabolite fenofibric acid altered the T94A secondary structure much more than that of the WT T94T L-FABP. Finally, in cultured primary human hepatocytes, the T94A variant exhibited a significantly reduced extent of fibrate-mediated induction of PPARα-regulated proteins such as L-FABP, FATP5, and PPARα itself. Thus, while the T94A substitution did not alter the affinity of the human L-FABP for PPARα agonist ligands, it significantly altered the human L-FABP structure, stability, and conformational and functional response to fibrate.
TL;DR: Storch et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that liver fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP) is a binding protein for monoacylglycerol (MG) and promotes rapid MG transfer to membranes.
TL;DR: The genes identified in this study which exhibit differential regulation in response to diet or in animals with extreme fatty acids profiles may provide genetic markers for selecting desirable fatty acid profiles in future selection programs.
Abstract: Fatty acid profiles and intramuscular expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were characterized in concentrate- (CO) and forage- (FO) based finishing systems. Intramuscular samples from the adductor were taken at slaughter from 99 heifers finished on a CO diet and 58 heifers finished on a FO diet. Strip loins were obtained at fabrication to evaluate fatty acid profiles of LM muscle for all 157 heifers by using gas chromatography fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Composition was analyzed for differences by using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure in SAS. Differences in fatty acid profile included a greater atherogenic index, greater percentage total MUFA, decreased omega-3 to omega-6 ratio, decreased percentage total PUFA, and decreased percentage omega-3 fatty acids in CO- compared with FO-finished heifers (P 0.05). Upregulation was observed for PPARγ, fatty acid synthase (FASN), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) in FO-finished compared with CO-finished heifers in both atherogenic index categories (P<0.05). Upregulation of diglyceride acyl transferase 2 (DGAT2) was observed in FO-finished heifers with a HAI (P<0.05). Expression of steroyl Co-A desaturase (SCD) was upregulated in CO-finished heifers with a LAI, and downregulated in FO-finished heifers with a HAI (P<0.05). Expression of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) was significantly downregulated in CO-finished heifers with a HAI compared with all other categories (P<0.05). The genes identified in this study which exhibit differential regulation in response to diet or in animals with extreme fatty acid profiles may provide genetic markers for selecting desirable fatty acid profiles in future selection programs.
TL;DR: Modulation of fabp2, fabp3 and fabp6 transcription by FAs and/or clofibrate in zebrafish implicates control of these genes by PPAR interaction with peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPRE) most likely in fabp promoters.
TL;DR: The age- and germ cell type-associated increases in Fabp9, Dgat2, and Plin2 levels are thus functionally related in the last stages of germ cell differentiation, connecting DGAT2 with the biosynthesis of such TAGs.
Abstract: Male germ cell differentiation entails the synthesis and remodeling of membrane polar lipids and the formation of triacylglycerols (TAGs). This requires fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) for intracellular fatty acid traffic, a diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) to catalyze the final step of TAG biosynthesis, and a TAG storage mode. We examined the expression of genes encoding five members of the FABP family and two DGAT proteins, as well as the lipid droplet protein perilipin 2 (PLIN2), during mouse testis development and in specific cells from seminiferous epithelium. Fabp5 expression was distinctive of Sertoli cells and consequently was higher in prepubertal than in adult testis. The expression of Fabp3 increased in testis during postnatal development, associated with the functional differentiation of interstitial cells, but was low in germ cells. Fabp9, together with Fabp12, was prominently expressed in the latter. Their transcripts increased from spermatocytes to spermatids and, interestingly, were highest in spermatid-derived residual bodies (RB). Both Sertoli and germ cells, which produce neutral lipids and store them in lipid droplets, expressed Plin2. Yet, while Dgat1 was detected in Sertoli cells, Dgat2 accumulated in germ cells with a similar pattern of expression as Fabp9. These results correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich TAG levels also increasing with mouse germ cell differentiation highest in RB, connecting DGAT2 with the biosynthesis of such TAGs. The age- and germ cell type-associated increases in Fabp9, Dgat2, and Plin2 levels are thus functionally related in the last stages of germ cell differentiation.
TL;DR: A thorough NMR investigation of glycocholate (GCA) binding to human liver fatty acid binding protein found GCA was found to occupy the large internal cavity of hL‐FABP, without requiring major conformational rearrangement of the protein backbone; rather, this led to increased stability, similar to that estimated for the hL-FABp:oleate complex.
Abstract: Human liver fatty acid binding protein (hL-FABP) has been reported to act as an intracellular shuttle of lipid molecules, thus playing a central role in systemic metabolic homeostasis. The involvement of hL-FABP in the transport of bile salts has been postulated but scarcely investigated. Here we describe a thorough NMR investigation of glycocholate (GCA) binding to hL-FABP. The protein molecule bound a single molecule of GCA, in contrast to the 1:2 stoichiometry observed with fatty acids. GCA was found to occupy the large internal cavity of hL-FABP, without requiring major conformational rearrangement of the protein backbone; rather, this led to increased stability, similar to that estimated for the hL-FABP:oleate complex. Fast-timescale dynamics appeared not to be significantly perturbed in the presence of ligands. Slow motions (unlike for other proteins of the family) were retained or enhanced upon binding, consistent with a requirement for structural plasticity for promiscuous recognition.
TL;DR: The data presented here demonstrate the participation of these two lipid metabolism-related proteins in the innate immune system of E. sinensis.
Abstract: Invertebrates rely solely on the innate immune system for defense against pathogens and other stimuli. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABP), members of the lipid binding proteins superfamily, play a crucial role in fatty acid transport and lipid metabolism and are also involved in gene expression induced by fatty acids. In the vertebrate immune system, FABP is involved in inflammation regulated by fatty acids through its interaction with peroxidase proliferator activate receptors (PPARs). However, the immune functions of FABP in invertebrates are not well characterized. For this reason, we investigated the immune functionality of two fatty acid binding proteins, Es-FABP9 and Es-FABP10, following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). An obvious variation in the expression of Es-FABP9 and Es-FABP10 mRNA in E. sinensis was observed in hepatopancreas, gills, and hemocytes post-LPS challenge. Recombinant proteins rEs-FABP9 and rEs-FABP10 exhibited distinct bacterial binding activity and bacterial agglutination activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, bacterial growth inhibition assays demonstrated that rEs-FABP9 responds positively to the growth inhibition of Vibrio parahaemolyticuss and S. aureus, while rEs-FABP10 responds positively to the growth inhibition of Aeromonas hydrophila and Bacillus subtilis. Coating of agarose beads with recombinant rEs-FABP9 and rEs-FABP10 dramatically enhanced encapsulation of the beads by crab hemocytes in vitro. In conclusion, the data presented here demonstrate the participation of these two lipid metabolism-related proteins in the innate immune system of E. sinensis.
TL;DR: It is concluded that microRNA expression profiles change significantly during 3T3- L1 adipocyte differentiation and that miR-24 plays an important role in regulating adipocytes differentiation and FABP4 expression.
Abstract: We examined the effect of microRNAs on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and expression of adipocyte-specific gene fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4). We screened and identified adipo-related microRNAs during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation with a microRNA microarray. High expression plasmids of miR-24 and miR-21 were constructed and transfected into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by lipofectamine. The effects of miR-24 and miR-21 on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation were observed, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of FABP4 and AP-1 were determined. The expression profiles of microRNAs significantly changed during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. The expression of 33 microRNAs was downregulated, among which downregulation of miR-24 was the most extensive. There were 17 microRNAs with upregulated expression; the highest levels were found for miR-21. miR-24 significantly inhibited 3T3- L1
TL;DR: A series of pyrazole-based carboxylic acids are designed as candidate ligands of heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP, or FABP3), based on a comparison of the X-ray crystallographic structures of adipocyte fatty acidbinding protein (FABp4)-selective inhibitor (BMS309403) complex and FABp3-elaidic acid complex.
TL;DR: It is concluded that acyl chain length, saturation, and hydrophobicity are the major determinants of the efficiency with which dietary FA are absorbed by the adult small intestine.
Abstract: Intestinal fat absorption is known to be, overall, a highly efficient process, but much less is known about the efficiency with which individual dietary fatty acids (FA) are absorbed by the adult s...
TL;DR: Proteins like apolipoprotein A-I and fatty acid binding protein, phosphoglucomutase 1 (carbohydrate metabolism), elongation factor 1-alpha (protein biosynthesis and antioxidant role), mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (oxidation regulation activity and antioxidants role) and ypbc-32-D06 (aminotransferases), were differentially expressed in treated fish.
TL;DR: The crystal structure of human-heart-type fatty-acid-binding protein in complex with anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate was solved at 2.15 Å resolution revealing the detailed binding mechanism of the fluorescent probe 1-anilin onaphthalenes- 8-solfonate.
Abstract: Heart-type fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP3), which is a cytosolic protein abundantly found in cardiomyocytes, plays a role in trafficking fatty acids throughout cellular compartments by reversibly binding intracellular fatty acids with relatively high affinity. The fluorescent probe 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) is extensively utilized for examining the interaction of ligands with fatty-acid-binding proteins. The X-ray structure of FABP3 was determined in the presence of ANS and revealed the detailed ANS-binding mechanism. Furthermore, four water molecules were clearly identified in the binding cavity. Through these water molecules, the bound ANS molecule forms indirect hydrogen-bond interactions with FABP3. The adipocyte-type fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP4) exhibits 67% sequence identity with FABP3 and its crystal structure is almost the same as that of FABP3. However, FABP4 can bind with a higher affinity to ANS than FABP3. To understand the difference in their ligand specificities, a structural comparison was performed between FABP3–ANS and FABP4–ANS complexes. The result revealed that the orientation of ANS binding to FABP3 is completely opposite to that of ANS binding to FABP4, and the substitution of valine in FABP4 to leucine in FABP3 may result in greater steric hindrance between the side-chain of Leu115 and the aniline ring of ANS.
TL;DR: Data suggest that L‐FABP provides a signaling path to HNF4α activation in the nucleus and potentiated transactivation of H NF4α in COS7 cells.