Showing papers by "Jakob Linseisen published in 2008"
Aalborg University1, Utrecht University2, University of Oxford3, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens4, French Institute of Health and Medical Research5, German Cancer Research Center6, Harvard University7, University of Turin8, Imperial College London9, University of Naples Federico II10, Umeå University11, Lund University12, University of Tromsø13, University of Cambridge14, International Agency for Research on Cancer15
TL;DR: It is suggested that both general adiposity and abdominal adiposity are associated with the risk of death and support the use of waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio in addition to BMI in assessing therisk of death.
Abstract: Background Previous studies have relied predominantly on the body-mass index (BMI, the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) to assess the association of adiposity with the risk of death, but few have examined whether the distribution of body fat contributes to the prediction of death. Methods We examined the association of BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio with the risk of death among 359,387 participants from nine countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). We used a Cox regression analysis, with age as the time variable, and stratified the models according to study center and age at recruitment, with further adjustment for educational level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and height. Results During a mean follow-up of 9.7 years, 14,723 participants died. The lowest risks of death related to BMI were observed at a BMI of 25.3 for men and 24.3 for women. After adjustment for BMI, waist circumfer...
1,804 citations
International Agency for Research on Cancer1, Russian Academy2, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine3, Charles University in Prague4, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center5, University of Liverpool6, Cancer Care Ontario7, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre8, Women's College, Kolkata9, Norwegian University of Science and Technology10, German Cancer Research Center11, University of Cambridge12, Umeå University13, University of Bremen14, French Institute of Health and Medical Research15, University of Turin16, University of Aberdeen17, University of Padua18, Newcastle University19, University of Glasgow20, Trinity College, Dublin21
TL;DR: The results provide compelling evidence of a locus at 15q25 predisposing to lung cancer, and reinforce interest in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as potential disease candidates and chemopreventative targets.
Abstract: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide, with over one million cases annually. To identify genetic factors that modify disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association study by analysing 317,139 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 1,989 lung cancer cases and 2,625 controls from six central European countries. We identified a locus in chromosome region 15q25 that was strongly associated with lung cancer (P = 9 x 10(-10)). This locus was replicated in five separate lung cancer studies comprising an additional 2,513 lung cancer cases and 4,752 controls (P = 5 x 10(-20) overall), and it was found to account for 14% (attributable risk) of lung cancer cases. Statistically similar risks were observed irrespective of smoking status or propensity to smoke tobacco. The association region contains several genes, including three that encode nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits (CHRNA5, CHRNA3 and CHRNB4). Such subunits are expressed in neurons and other tissues, in particular alveolar epithelial cells, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and lung cancer cell lines, and they bind to N'-nitrosonornicotine and potential lung carcinogens. A non-synonymous variant of CHRNA5 that induces an amino acid substitution (D398N) at a highly conserved site in the second intracellular loop of the protein is among the markers with the strongest disease associations. Our results provide compelling evidence of a locus at 15q25 predisposing to lung cancer, and reinforce interest in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as potential disease candidates and chemopreventative targets.
1,226 citations
University of Oxford1, German Cancer Research Center2, International Agency for Research on Cancer3, University of Sydney4, University of Lyon5, Utrecht University6, Medical Research Council7, University of Naples Federico II8, Basque Government9, Umeå University10, Aalborg University11, French Institute of Health and Medical Research12, University of Cambridge13, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens14, Imperial College London15
TL;DR: In this paper, the association between prediagnostic serum concentrations of sex steroids and endometrial cancer risk was analyzed in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition using a nested case-control design of 247 incident Endometrial Cancer cases and 481 controls, matched on center, menopausal status, age, variables relating to blood collection and, for premenopausal women, phase of menstrual cycle.
Abstract: Epidemiological data show that reproductive and hormonal factors are involved in the etiology of endometrial cancer, but there is little data on the association with endogenous sex hormone levels. We analyzed the association between prediagnostic serum concentrations of sex steroids and endometrial cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition using a nested case-control design of 247 incident endometrial cancer cases and 481 controls, matched on center, menopausal status, age, variables relating to blood collection, and, for premenopausal women, phase of menstrual cycle. Using conditional regression analysis, endometrial cancer risk among postmenopausal women was positively associated with increasing levels of total testosterone, free testosterone, estrone, total estradiol, and free estradiol. The odds ratios (ORs) for the highest versus lowest tertile were 2.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-4.72; P=0.002 for a continuous linear trend) for estrone, 2.07 (95% CI 1.20-3.60; P=0.001) for estradiol, and 1.66 (95% CI 0.98-2.82; P=0.001) for free estradiol. For total and free testosterone, ORs for the highest versus lowest tertile were 1.44 (95% CI 0.88-2.36; P=0.05) and 2.05 (95% CI 1.23-3.42; P=0.005) respectively. Androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were not associated with risk. Sex hormone-binding globulin was significantly inversely associated with risk (OR for the highest versus lowest tertile was 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.95; P=0.004). In premenopausal women, serum sex hormone concentrations were not clearly associated with endometrial cancer risk, but numbers were too small to draw firm conclusions. In conclusion, relatively high blood concentrations of estrogens and free testosterone are associated with an increased endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women.
245 citations
Utrecht University1, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens2, University of Naples Federico II3, French Institute of Health and Medical Research4, German Cancer Research Center5, Aarhus University6, Medical Research Council7, University of Cambridge8, University of Oxford9, Imperial College London10, International Agency for Research on Cancer11, Lund University12, Umeå University13
TL;DR: The findings support the current state of evidence from general population studies that the protective potential of vegetable and fruit intake is larger for CVD than for cancer and suggest that diabetes patients may benefit from a diet high in vegetables and fruits.
Abstract: We examined the associations of intake of vegetables, legumes and fruit with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a population with prevalent diabetes in Europe. A cohort of 10,449 participants with self-reported diabetes within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study was followed for a mean of 9 y. Intakes of vegetables, legumes, and fruit were assessed at baseline between 1992 and 2000 using validated country-specific questionnaires. A total of 1346 deaths occurred. Multivariate relative risks (RR) for all-cause mortality were estimated in Cox regression models and RR for cause-specific mortality were derived in a competing risk model. An increment in intake of total vegetables, legumes, and fruit of 80 g/d was associated with a RR of death from all causes of 0.94 [95% CI 0.90-0.98]. Analyzed separately, vegetables and legumes were associated with a significantly reduced risk, whereas nonsignificant inverse associations for fruit intake were observed. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and mortality due to non-CVD/non-cancer causes were significantly inversely associated with intake of total vegetables, legumes, and fruit (RR 0.88 [95% CI 0.81-0.95] and 0.90 [0.82-0.99], respectively) but not cancer mortality (1.08 [0.99-1.17]). Intake of vegetables, legumes, and fruit was associated with reduced risks of all-cause and CVD mortality in a diabetic population. The findings support the current state of evidence from general population studies that the protective potential of vegetable and fruit intake is larger for CVD than for cancer and suggest that diabetes patients may benefit from a diet high in vegetables and fruits.
219 citations
Charité1, Aarhus University Hospital2, German Cancer Research Center3, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens4, University of Turin5, University of Naples Federico II6, Utrecht University7, Umeå University8, Lund University9, University of Oxford10, University of Cambridge11, International Agency for Research on Cancer12, Imperial College London13
TL;DR: The hypothesis that hypertension, rather than its medications, increases the risk of RCC in both sexes, while effective blood pressure control may lower the risk is supported.
Abstract: Elevated blood pressure has been implicated as a risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but prospective studies were confined to men and did not consider the effect of antihypertensive medication. The authors examined the relation among blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, and RCC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Blood pressure was measured in 296,638 women and men, recruited in eight European countries during 1992-1998, 254,935 of whom provided information on antihypertensive medication. During a mean follow-up of 6.2 years, 250 cases of RCC were identified. Blood pressure was independently associated with risk of RCC. The relative risks for the highest versus the lowest category of systolic (>/=160 mmHg vs. /=100 mmHg vs. <80 mmHg) blood pressures were 2.48 (95% confidence interval: 1.53, 4.02) and 2.34 (95% confidence interval: 1.54, 3.55). Risk estimates did not significantly differ according to sex or use of antihypertensive medication. Individuals taking antihypertensive drugs were not at a significantly increased risk unless blood pressure was poorly controlled. These results support the hypothesis that hypertension, rather than its medications, increases the risk of RCC in both sexes, while effective blood pressure control may lower the risk.
189 citations
Cancer Epidemiology Unit1, Aarhus University2, German Cancer Research Center3, University of Turin4, Imperial College London5, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens6, Andalusian School of Public Health7, University of Cambridge8, Malmö University9, Umeå University10, International Agency for Research on Cancer11
TL;DR: The hypothesis that a high intake of protein or calcium from dairy products may increase the risk for prostate cancer is supported.
Abstract: We examined consumption of animal foods, protein and calcium in relation to risk of prostate cancer among 142 251 men in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Associations were examined using Cox regression, stratified by recruitment centre and adjusted for height, weight, education, marital status and energy intake. After an average of 8.7 years of follow-up, there were 2727 incident cases of prostate cancer, of which 1131 were known to be localised and 541 advanced-stage disease. A high intake of dairy protein was associated with an increased risk, with a hazard ratio for the top versus the bottom fifth of intake of 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.41, P(trend)=0.02). After calibration to allow for measurement error, we estimated that a 35-g day(-1) increase in consumption of dairy protein was associated with an increase in the risk of prostate cancer of 32% (95% CI: 1-72%, P(trend)=0.04). Calcium from dairy products was also positively associated with risk, but not calcium from other foods. The results support the hypothesis that a high intake of protein or calcium from dairy products may increase the risk for prostate cancer.
179 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated associations between a medical history of depression, its comorbidities and cytokine plasma levels in the Bavarian Nutrition Survey II (BVS II) study sample and in patients suffering from an acute depressive episode.
176 citations
TL;DR: Markers of abdominal adiposity showed a graded and significant association with risk of stroke/TIA, independent of other vascular risk factors, indicating that waist circumference and related ratios can better predict cerebrovascular events than BMI.
Abstract: Background and Purpose— Waist circumference has been shown to be a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than body mass index (BMI). Our case-control study aimed to evaluate the contribution of obesity and abdominal fat mass to the risk of stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Methods— We recruited 1137 participants: 379 cases with stroke/TIA and 758 regional controls matched for age and sex. Associations between different markers of obesity (BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference and waist-to-stature ratio) and risk of stroke/TIA were assessed by using conditional logistic regression adjusted for other risk factors. Results— BMI showed a positive association with cerebrovascular risk which became nonsignificant after adjustment for physical inactivity, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes (odds ratio 1.18; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.79, top tertile versus bottom tertile). Markers of abdominal adiposity were strongly associated with the risk of stroke/TIA. For the waist-to-hip ratio, adjusted odds ra...
170 citations
International Agency for Research on Cancer1, National Institutes of Health2, Aarhus University3, Institut Gustave Roussy4, German Cancer Research Center5, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens6, University of Naples Federico II7, University of Turin8, Imperial College London9, University of Tromsø10, Lund University11, Umeå University12, Utrecht University13, University of Oxford14, Medical Research Council15
TL;DR: Evidence indicates a weak positive association between saturated fat intake and breast cancer risk was found, more pronounced for postmenopausal women who never used hormone therapy and for nonusers of hormone therapy at baseline.
162 citations
University of Oxford1, Aalborg University2, German Cancer Research Center3, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens4, Harvard University5, Radboud University Nijmegen6, Basque Government7, Umeå University8, University of Cambridge9, Medical Research Council10, International Agency for Research on Cancer11, Imperial College London12
TL;DR: The associations between palmitic, stearic, myristic, alpha-linolenic, and eicosapentaenoic acids and prostate cancer risk may reflect differences in intake or metabolism of these fatty acids between the precancer cases and controls and should be explored further.
140 citations
TL;DR: In this German population, the prevalence of multimorbidity is high and is significantly associated with educational level, but even the fully adjusted model, i.e. considering also other known risk factors for chronic diseases, could not entirely explain socio-economic inequalities in multimorbridity.
Abstract: In aging populations, the prevalence of multimorbidity is high, and the role of socioeconomic status and its correlates is not well described. Thus, we investigated the association between educational attainment and multimorbidity in a prospective cohort study, taking also into account intermediate factors that could explain such associations. We included 13,781 participants of the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), who were 50–75 years at the end of follow-up. Information on diet and lifestyle was collected at recruitment (1994–1998). During a median follow-up of 8.7 years, information on chronic conditions and death were collected. Overall, the prevalence of multimorbidity (>= 2 concurrent chronic diseases) was 67.3%. Compared to the highest educational category, the lowest was statistically significantly associated with increased odds of multimorbidity in men (OR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.28–1.61) and women (OR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.18–1.57). After adjustment, the positive associations were attenuated (men: OR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.12–1.46; women: OR = 1.16; 95% CI 0.99–1.36). Increasing BMI was more strongly than smoking status an intermediate factor in the association between education and multimorbidity. In this German population, the prevalence of multimorbidity is high and is significantly associated with educational level. Increasing BMI is the most important predictor of this association. However, even the fully adjusted model, i.e. considering also other known risk factors for chronic diseases, could not entirely explain socio-economic inequalities in multimorbidity. Educational level should be considered in the development and implementation of prevention strategies of multimorbidity.
TL;DR: No associations between ulcerative colitis and diet were detected, apart from a possible increased risk with a higher total polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and a marginally significant positive association with an increasing percentage intake of energy from total polyunaturated fatty acids.
Abstract: Background/Aims: The causes of ulcerative colitis are unknown, although it is plausible that dietary factors are involved. Case-control studies of diet and ulcerative colitis are su
TL;DR: The results provide evidence for a serum 25(OH)D-independent effect of Gc2 allele carrier status in postmenopausal breast cancer, and no interaction between 25(oh)D status and Gc genotype was observed, nor did the association change considerably after adjustment for 25( OH)Dstatus.
Abstract: Vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms may influence breast cancer risk by altering potential anticarcinogenic effects of vitamin D. The association between polymorphisms in the vitamin D binding protein (Gc) and postmenopausal breast cancer risk, with additional focus on the influence of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the biomarker for vitamin D status in humans, has not been examined thus far. We assessed the combined effects of two known functional polymorphisms in the Gc gene (rs4588 and rs7041), composing the phenotypic alleles Gc1s, Gc1f (combined: Gc1 ), and Gc2 , on postmenopausal breast cancer risk and potential effect modification by 25(OH)D status in a population-based case-control study including 1,402 cases and 2,608 matched controls. Odds ratios (OR) for breast cancer risk adjusted for potential confounders were calculated for Gc genotypes. ANOVA was used to compare geometric means of serum 25(OH)D across Gc genotypes. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations in the control group significantly differed by Gc genotype, being lowest in Gc2 allele carriers. The geometric means of 25(OH)D were 53.0, 47.8, and 40.4 nmol/L for Gc1-1, Gc2-1, and Gc2-2 genotypes, respectively ( P trend < 0.0001). Gc2-2 genotype was associated with a significantly decreased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.72 (0.54-0.96), compared with homozygote Gc1s allele carriers. No interaction between 25(OH)D status and Gc genotype was observed, nor did the association change considerably after adjustment for 25(OH)D status. Our results provide evidence for a serum 25(OH)D-independent effect of Gc2 allele carrier status in postmenopausal breast cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(6):1339–43)
American Cancer Society1, University of California, San Francisco2, German Cancer Research Center3, University of Hawaii4, Brigham and Women's Hospital5, Institut Gustave Roussy6, Harvard University7, University of Southern California8, University of Tromsø9, Malmö University10, Marshfield Clinic11, Imperial College London12, Utrecht University13, McGill University14, University of Oxford15, National Institutes of Health16
TL;DR: The impact of genetic variation in IGF1 and IGFBP3 on circulating IGF levels does not appear to substantially influence breast cancer risk substantially among primarily Caucasian postmenopausal women.
Abstract: IGF-1 has been shown to promote proliferation of normal epithelial breast cells, and the IGF pathway has also been linked to mammary carcinogenesis in animal models. We comprehensively examined the association between common genetic variation in the IGF1, IGFBP1, and IGFBP3 genes in relation to circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels and breast cancer risk within the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). This analysis included 6,912 breast cancer cases and 8,891 matched controls (n = 6,410 for circulating IGF-I and 6,275 for circulating IGFBP-3 analyses) comprised primarily of Caucasian women drawn from six large cohorts. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype patterns were characterized in the regions surrounding IGF1 and the genes coding for two of its binding proteins, IGFBP1 and IGFBP3. In total, thirty haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNP) were selected to provide high coverage of common haplotypes; the haplotype structure was defined across four haplotype blocks for IGF1 and three for IGFBP1 and IGFBP3. Specific IGF1 SNPs individually accounted for up to 5% change in circulating IGF-I levels and individual IGFBP3 SNPs were associated up to 12% change in circulating IGFBP-3 levels, but no associations were observed between these polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. Logistic regression analyses found no associations between breast cancer and any htSNPs or haplotypes in IGF1, IGFBP1, or IGFBP3. No effect modification was observed in analyses stratified by menopausal status, family history of breast cancer, body mass index, or postmenopausal hormone therapy, or for analyses stratified by stage at diagnosis or hormone receptor status. In summary, the impact of genetic variation in IGF1 and IGFBP3 on circulating IGF levels does not appear to substantially influence breast cancer risk substantially among primarily Caucasian postmenopausal women.
TL;DR: There is no association between dietary fat and prostate cancer risk from this large multicenter study of 142,520 men in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
VU University Medical Center1, International Agency for Research on Cancer2, University of Padua3, University of Porto4, University of Turin5, Imperial College London6, Lund University7, Umeå University8, Andalusian School of Public Health9, University of Oxford10, Medical Research Council11, University of Cambridge12, German Cancer Research Center13, Aarhus University Hospital14, Utrecht University15, Institut Gustave Roussy16, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens17, University of Tromsø18
TL;DR: This prospective study confirms the association of IL1RN polymorphisms with the risk of non-cardia GC and indicates that IL8 -251T>A may modify the risk for GC.
TL;DR: The results support potential effects of VDR polymorphisms on postmenopausal breast cancer risk and possible differential effects of receptor status of the tumour.
Abstract: Introduction
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotypes may influence breast cancer risk by altering potential anticarcinogenic effects of vitamin D, but epidemiological studies have been inconsistent. Effect modification by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 [OH]D), the biomarker for vitamin D status in humans, has rarely been examined.
University of Oxford1, Aarhus University2, Charité3, German Cancer Research Center4, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens5, Harvard University6, Radboud University Nijmegen7, Andalusian School of Public Health8, Umeå University9, University of Cambridge10, International Agency for Research on Cancer11, Imperial College London12
TL;DR: Plasma selenium concentration was not associated with prostate cancer risk in this large cohort of European men and this association did not differ by smoking status or by plasma alpha- or gamma-tocopherol concentration.
Novartis1, University of Porto2, University of Turin3, University of Naples Federico II4, Lund University5, Umeå University6, University of Oxford7, Medical Research Council8, University of Cambridge9, German Cancer Research Center10, Aarhus University11, Utrecht University12, Institut Gustave Roussy13, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens14, University of Tromsø15, International Agency for Research on Cancer16, Imperial College London17
TL;DR: The study supports a role of ERCC2 in non-cardial GC but not in cardial cancer, and is the first prospective study suggesting that individual variation in DNA repair may be relevant for gastric carcinogenesis.
Abstract: DNA repair polymorphisms and the risk of stomach adenocarcinoma and severe chronic gastritis in the EPIC-EURGAST study.
International Agency for Research on Cancer1, German Cancer Research Center2, University of Naples Federico II3, Imperial College London4, Umeå University5, Lund University6, University of Oxford7, Medical Research Council8, University of Cambridge9, Aarhus University10, University of Tromsø11, French Institute of Health and Medical Research12, Basque Government13, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens14, Utrecht University15
TL;DR: The results of the current study suggest a mild implication of hyperglycemia in colorectal cancer, which seems more important in women than in men, and more for cancer of the rectum than of the colon.
Abstract: Although large-scale prospective cohort studies have related hyperglycemia to increased risk of cancer overall, studies specifically on colorectal cancer have been generally small. We investigated the association between prediagnostic levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a marker for average glucose level in blood, and colorectal cancer risk in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. One thousand and twenty-six incident colorectal cancer cases (561 men and 465 women) and 1,026 matched controls were eligible for the study. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORS) adjusted for possible confounders. Increasing HbA1c percentages were statistically significantly associated with a mild increase in colorectal cancer risk in the whole population [OR, 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01,1.19 for a 10% increase in HbA1c]. In women, increasing HbA1c percentages were associated with a statistically significant increase in colorectal cancer risk (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01, 1.32 for a 10% increase in HbA1c) and with a borderline statistically significant increase in rectum cancer (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.99,1.50 for a 10% increase in HbA1c). No significant association with cancer risk was observed in men. The results of the current study suggest a mild implication of hyperglycemia in colorectal cancer, which seems more important in women than in men, and more for cancer of the rectum than of the colon.
TL;DR: The results suggest an inverse association between the intake of menaquinones, but not that of phylloquinone, and prostate cancer.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention1, International Agency for Research on Cancer2, Umeå University3, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens4, Institut Gustave Roussy5, University of Oxford6, German Cancer Research Center7, Lund University8, University of Naples Federico II9, Utrecht University10, Imperial College London11, Aarhus University12
TL;DR: A large variability in acrylamide exposure and metabolism between individuals and country groups was observed with HbAA and HbGA values ranging between 15-623 and 8-377 pmol of Hb, respectively.
Abstract: Acrylamide exposure was investigated in subgroups of the EPIC study population (510 subjects from 9 European countries, randomly selected and stratified by age, gender, and smoking status) using hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and its primary metabolite glycidamide (HbGA). Blood samples were analyzed for HbAA and HbGA by HPLC/MS/MS. Statistical models for HbAA and HbGA were developed including body mass index (BMI), educational level, and physical activity. A large variability in acrylamide exposure and metabolism between individuals and country groups was observed with HbAA and HbGA values ranging between 15-623 and 8-377 pmol/g of Hb, respectively. Both adducts differed significantly by country, sex, and smoking status. HbGA values were significantly lower in high alcohol consumers than in moderate consumers. With increasing BMI, HbGA in nonsmokers and HbAA in smokers decreased significantly. In the assessment of potential health effects related to acrylamide exposure, country of origin, BMI, alcohol consumption, sex, and smoking status should be considered.
Imperial College London1, German Cancer Research Center2, Aalborg University3, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens4, Harvard University5, University of Naples Federico II6, Utrecht University7, Umeå University8, Lund University9, University of Oxford10, University of Cambridge11, Medical Research Council12, International Agency for Research on Cancer13
TL;DR: The EPIC analyses support an association between height and overall non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and multiple myeloma among women and suggest heterogeneous subtype associations and one of the first prospective studies focusing on central adiposity and non- Hodgkins lymphoma subtypes.
Abstract: BACKGROUND:
The incidences of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma are increasing steadily. It has been hypothesized that this may be due, in part, to the parallel rising prevalence of obesi ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between prostate cancer risk and circulating concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 in a large prospective cohort and found no significant associations for circulating concentrations.
Abstract: Background: Determinants of one-carbon metabolism, such as folate and vitamin B12, have been implicated in cancer development. Previous studies have not provided conclusive evidence for the importance of circulating concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 in prostate cancer etiology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between prostate cancer risk and circulating concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 in a large prospective cohort.
Methods: We analyzed circulating concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 in 869 cases and 1,174 controls, individually matched on center, age, and date of recruitment, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Relative risks (RR) for prostate cancer were estimated using conditional logistic regression models.
Results: Overall, no significant associations were observed for circulating concentrations of folate ( P trend = 0.62) or vitamin B12 ( P trend = 0.21) with prostate cancer risk. RRs for a doubling in folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were 1.03 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.92-1.16] and 1.12 (95% CI, 0.94-1.35), respectively. In the subgroup of cases diagnosed with advanced stage prostate cancer, elevated concentrations of vitamin B12 were associated with increased risk (RR for a doubling in concentration, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.05-2.72, P trend = 0.03). No other subgroup analyses resulted in a statistically significant association.
Conclusion: This study does not provide strong support for an association between prostate cancer risk and circulating concentrations of folate or vitamin B12. Elevated concentrations of vitamin B12 may be associated with an increased risk for advanced stage prostate cancer, but this association requires examination in other large prospective studies. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;17(2):279–85)
TL;DR: A high concentration of docosahexaenoic acid in serum phospholipids may have a protective effect on lung function, because this long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is almost exclusively derived from marine oils, fish might have a beneficial effect on lungs diseases.
Abstract: Background The dietary intake of certain fatty acids might have an impact on inflammatory processes in the lung and therefore contribute to the development of lung diseases like asthma or COPD. Methods In this study data from a population based cross-sectional study on respirator y health including measurement of fatty acids in serum phospholipids of 593 adults between 20 and 64 years of age were analyzed. Results Statistically significant positive associations were found between percentage predicted FEV1 (P = 0.0085) and FVC (P = 0.0267) and docosahexaenoic acid concentration in serum phospholipids in men. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid content in serum phospholipids was significantly negatively associated with percentage predicted FEV1 (P = 0.0003) and FVC (P = 0.0045) and transformed dose-response slopes (P = 0.0488) in men. Palmitoleic acid was negatively associated with percentage predicted FEV1 (P = 0.0037) and FVC (P = 0.0029) in men. Other fatty acids in serum phospholipids did not consistently affect lung function parameters or bronchial hyperreactivity. Conclusion A high concentration of docosahexaenoic acid in serum phospholipids may have a protective effect on lung function. Because this long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is almost exclusively derived from marine oils, fish might have a beneficial effect on lung diseases.
TL;DR: There are valid possibilities for additional biomarkers of flavonoid and phenolic acid intake that are best applied in prospective studies with more than one biological sample per subject, and a combination of a single biomarker measurement with long-term dietary intake estimates will probably be the most valuable choice to decrease measurement error in exposure data.
Abstract: Background
For many polyphenolic compounds found in plant-derived food, biological effects possibly relevant for cancer prevention have been shown. Since dietary intake estimates suffer from imprecision, the measurement of these compounds (or metabolites of) in biological specimens collected in epidemiological studies is expected to improve accuracy of exposure estimation.
German Cancer Research Center1, International Agency for Research on Cancer2, Aarhus University Hospital3, French Institute of Health and Medical Research4, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens5, Harvard University6, Imperial College London7, Andalusian School of Public Health8, Utrecht University9, Umeå University10, University of Cambridge11, University of Oxford12
TL;DR: Evidence for association of GHRL polymorphisms with circulating IGF-I levels and with breast cancer risk is observed, however, these associations might also be due to chance findings and further large studies are needed to confirm these results.
Abstract: Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, has two major functions: the stimulation of the growth hormone production and the stimulation of food intake. Accumulating evidence also suggests a role of ghrelin in cancer development. We conducted a case-control study on 1359 breast cancer cases and 2389 matched controls, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, to examine the association of common genetic variants in the genes coding for ghrelin (GHRL) and its receptor (GHSR) with anthropometric measures, circulating insulin growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 and breast cancer risk. Pair-wise tagging was used to select the 15 polymorphisms that represent the majority of common genetic variants across the GHRL and GHSR genes. A significant increase in breast cancer risk was observed in carriers of the GHRL rs171407-G allele (odds ratio: 1.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.0-1.4; P = 0.02). The GHRL single-nucleotide polymorphism rs375577 was associated with a 5% increase in IGF-I levels (P = 0.01). A number of GHRL and GHSR polymorphisms were associated with body mass index (BMI) and height (P between <0.01 and 0.04). The false-positive report probability (FPRP) approach suggests that these results are noteworthy (FPRP < 0.20). The results presented here add to a growing body of evidence that GHRL variations are associated with BMI. Furthermore, we have observed evidence for association of GHRL polymorphisms with circulating IGF-I levels and with breast cancer risk. These associations, however, might also be due to chance findings and further large studies are needed to confirm our results.
Imperial College London1, German Cancer Research Center2, University of Würzburg3, Aalborg University4, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens5, University of Naples Federico II6, Utrecht University7, University of Tromsø8, Umeå University9, Lund University10, University of Oxford11, University of Cambridge12, International Agency for Research on Cancer13
TL;DR: This prospective study did not provide evidence for a role of self-reported diabetes in the etiology of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma overall or multiple myeloma and found an increased risk of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia among men with diabetes, but not among women.
Abstract: Diabetes and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in the European prospective investigation into Cancer and nutrition
TL;DR: The association found between ERCC1 genotype and mRNA expression supports recent clinical observations that genetic variation in ER CC1 can affect treatment outcome and prognosis and reveals a modulating effect by nutritional factors.
Abstract: Both genetic variants and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of DNA repair and tumor suppressor genes have been investigated as molecular markers for therapy outcome. However, the phenotypic impact of genetic variants often remained unclear, thus the rationale of their use in risk prediction may be limited. We therefore analyzed genetic variants together with anthropometric and lifestyle factors to see how these affect mRNA levels of ERCC1, MDM2 and TP53 in primary blood lymphocytes. mRNA expression was measured in 376 prostate cancer patients by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription, and ERCC1 rs11615 T>C, ERCC1 rs3212986 C>A, MDM2 rs2279744 T>G and TP53 rs17878362 (p53PIN3) polymorphisms were determined. Considerable interindividual differences in mRNA expression were found (coefficients of variation: ERCC1, 45%; MDM2, 43% and TP53, 35%). ERCC1 expression was positively correlated with plasma levels of beta-carotene (P = 0.03) and negatively correlated with canthaxanthin (P = 0.02) and lutein (P = 0.02). Overall, the polymorphisms affected mRNA expression only weakly. Carriers of a distinct ERCC1 haplotype (CC) showed, however, significantly lower expression values than non-carriers (P = 0.001). Applying logistic regression, we found that CC haplotype carriers had a 1.69-fold increased odds ratio (95% confidence interval: 1.06-2.71) for reduced ERCC1 mRNA levels. This low ERCC1 expression might be associated with reduced DNA repair and better therapy response. In summary, the association we have found between ERCC1 genotype and mRNA expression supports recent clinical observations that genetic variation in ERCC1 can affect treatment outcome and prognosis. Our study further revealed a modulating effect by nutritional factors.
German Cancer Research Center1, University of Oxford2, Aalborg University3, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens4, Harvard University5, University of Granada6, Umeå University7, Lund University8, Medical Research Council9, University of Cambridge10, International Agency for Research on Cancer11, Imperial College London12
TL;DR: Overall, neither alcohol consumption at baseline nor average lifetime alcohol consumption was associated with the risk for prostate cancer in this cohort of men.
Abstract: Alcohol consumption and the risk for prostate cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition.