Manchester Metropolitan University

About: Manchester Metropolitan University is a education organization based out in Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 5435 authors who have published 16202 publications receiving 442561 citations. The organization is also known as: Manchester Polytechnic & MMU.

Geographies of Youth/Young People

Abstract: From the early 1990s onwards, geographers have made significant contributions to work considering the spatialities of young people's lives. Children's geographies is a vibrant subdisciplinary area and geographical work on children and young people is making important contributions to academic and policy debates within and beyond the discipline of geography. There have recently been some concerns that within children's geographies, teenagers and young people have been marginalised through a focus mainly on children and childhoods. This article reviews the position of young people in geographical research through interrogating the definition of young people in relation to children and adults and reviewing recent work on youth as a transition; through providing an overview of recent work that questions the restrictions placed on young people's use of public space; and through signposting some recent debates about the future of geographical work on young people.

Specificity of Task Constraints and Effects of Visual Demonstrations and Verbal Instructions in Directing Learners' Search During Skill Acquisition

Abstract: In the present study, the efficacy of visual demonstrations and verbal instructions as instructional constraints on the acquisition of movement coordination was investigated. Fifteen participants performed an aiming task on 100 acquisition and 20 retention trials, under 1 of 3 conditions: a modeling group (MG), a verbally directed group (VDG), and a control group (CG). The MG observed a model intermittently throughout acquisition, whereas the VDG was verbally instructed to use the model's movement pattern. Participants in the CG received neither form of instruction. Kinematic analysis revealed that compared with verbal instructions or no instructions, visual demonstrations significantly improved participants' approximation of the model's coordination pattern. No differences were found in movement outcomes. Coordination data supported the visual perception perspective on observational learning, whereas outcome data suggested that the modeling effect is mainly a function of task constraints, that is, the novelty of a movement pattern.

The evolution of the plasma potential in a HiPIMS discharge and its relationship to deposition rate

Abstract: An electron-emitting probe has been used to measure the temporal evolution of the plasma potential Vp along a line from target (Ti) to substrate above the racetrack in a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge pulsed at 100?Hz. The 20?ns time-resolution of the probe allowed us to observe the highly dynamic nature of Vp as the discharge voltage waveform develops, with large negative Vp values (?210?V) and strong potential gradients existing in the magnetic trap region in the first 6 to 8??s. After 55 to 60??s, Vp is elevated towards ground potential (0?V) and the bulk electric field collapses. Outside the magnetic trap, i.e. on the open field lines, Vp reveals much smaller axial and temporal variations, similar to those observed in conventional pulsed dc magnetrons.At standard conditions (Ar pressure of 0.54?Pa and 650?W average power), the results show that for over 50% of the 100??s plasma 'on-time' the spatial structure of Vp provides a large potential barrier for the sputtered post-ionized species so impeding their transport and deposition at the substrate. This barrier is reduced markedly (by 50%) through a small reduction in the magnetic field strength (33% at the target) so increasing the deposition rate by a factor of 6 at a typical position of the substrate (z = 100?mm). The structure of Vp is marginally sensitive to changes in pressure (over the range 0.54 to 1.08?Pa), but more strongly dependent on the applied power (over the range 650 to 950?W).

Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Acetaminophen and Isoniazid (Hepatotoxicity-Related Drugs) Utilizing Bismuth Oxide Nanorod Modified Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensing Platforms

Abstract: To overcome the recent outbreaks of hepatotoxicity-related drugs, a new analytical tool for the continuously determination of these drugs in human fluids is required. Electrochemical-based analytical methods offer an effective, rapid, and simple tool for on-site determination of various organic and inorganic species. However, the design of a sensitive, selective, stable, and reproducible sensor is still a major challenge. In the present manuscript, a facile, one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of bismuth oxide (Bi2O2.33) nanostructures (nanorods) was developed. These BiO nanorods were cast onto mass disposable graphite screen-printed electrodes (BiO-SPEs), allowing the ultrasensitive determination of acetaminophen (APAP) in the presence of its common interference isoniazid (INH), which are both found in drug samples. The simultaneous electroanalytical sensing using BiO-SPEs exhibited strong electrocatalytic activity toward the sensing of APAP and INH with an enhanced analytical signal (voltammetric peak) over ...

Numerical solutions of the shallow water equations with discontinuous bed topography

Abstract: A simple scheme is developed for treatment of vertical bed topography in shallow water flows. The effect of the vertical step on flows is modelled with the shallow water equations including local energy loss terms. The bed elevation is denoted with zb- for the left and zb+ for the right values at each grid point, hence exactly representing a discontinuity in the bed topography. The surface gradient method (SGM) is generalized to reconstruct water depths at cell interfaces involving a vertical step so that the fluxes at the cell interfaces can accurately be calculated with a Riemann solver. The scheme is verified by predicting a surge crossing a step, a tidal flow over a step and dam-break flows on wet/dry beds. The results have shown good agreements compared with analytical solutions and available experimental data. The scheme is efficient, robust, and may be used for practical flow calculations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.